Assessing the prevalence and economic significance of coccidiosis individually and in combination with concurrent infections in Pakistani commercial poultry farms

Rashid, Muhammad Imran; Akbar, Haroon; Bakhsh, Amir Nur; Hassan, Mohammad Farooque; Ullah, Rahmat; Hussain, T.; Manzoor, Sohail; Yin, Hong

doi:10.3382/ps/pey522

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Moreover, infections caused by Salmonella, Clostridium or the Enterobacteriaceae family may have a negative impact, not only on the bird's welfare, but also on human health if contaminated products are consumed [10,11]. Subsequently, a potential horizontal or vertical transmission of bacteria in poultry production as a major cause of morbidity and mortality of the animals carries a heavy economic burden, which has been estimated to account for as much as 95.61% of the total economic loss that occurs in the commercial poultry industry [12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Bacterial Profiles and Their Interactions with Selected Quality, Oxidative, and Immunological Parameters of Turkey Semen

Lenický

Slanina

Kačániová

et al. 2021

Animals

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This study focused on the identification of naturally occurring bacteria in the reproductive fluid and impact on the quality of ejaculates obtained from the turkey breed British United Turkeys (BUT) Big 6 (n = 60). We determined possible relationships between the bacterial load and advanced sperm quality parameters that are important for effective artificial insemination and high fertility, as well as the concentration of selected antimicrobial proteins and pro-inflammatory markers of turkey semen. Sperm motility was assessed with computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA), while the membrane and acrosome integrity were examined with smearing and staining methods. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was quantified via luminometry, sperm DNA fragmentation was evaluated using the TUNEL assay, and the JC-1 assay was applied to evaluate the mitochondrial membrane potential. Cell lysates were prepared to investigate the extent of lipid and protein oxidation. Furthermore, levels of interleukins 1 and 6 (IL-1, IL-6), C-reactive protein, cathelicidin, and β-defensin were quantified in the seminal plasma using the ELISA method. The most dominant species identified by the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry was Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus lentus, and Citrobacter braakii. The bacterial load had a negative effect on the sperm motility (p < 0.001), as well as membrane (p < 0.05) and acrosome integrity (p < 0.01). A strong positive relationship between the bacterial load and DNA fragmentation (p < 0.001) was detected as well. Positive associations were recorded between the increasing presence of bacteria, ROS overgeneration (p < 0.001), and a subsequent oxidative damage to the proteins (p < 0.001) and lipids (p < 0.01). It was revealed that the antimicrobial peptides β-defensin (p < 0.001) and cathelicidin (p < 0.001) had a positive relationship with the motility. In contrast, pro-inflammatory markers, such as IL-1 (p < 0.001) and IL-6 (p < 0.001), had a negative impact on the motion behavior of turkey spermatozoa. Our results suggest that the semen quality may be notably affected by the bacterial quantity as well as quality. It seems that bacteriospermia is associated with inflammatory processes, oxidative stress, sperm structural deterioration, and a subsequent risk for a failed artificial insemination in turkey breeding.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Bacterial Profiles and Their Interactions with Selected Quality, Oxidative, and Immunological Parameters of Turkey Semen

Lenický

Slanina

Kačániová

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…Toxic substances ammonia gas can damage chicken liver (Li et al, 2021) and kidney (Han et al, 2020a). Common health consequences of Pb include abdominal pain, weight loss, carcinoma of various tissues, changing blood parameters, kidney disorders, anemia, disorders related to the brain and liver (Rashid et al 2019;Kshirsagar et al 2019). It induces the overproduction of free radicals that might be enhanced the rate of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress (Morkunas et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large scale toxicological evaluation of lead acetate in broiler chicken

Ali¹,

Minhas²,

Awan³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Among heavy metals, lead is one of the very toxic pollutants of the environment. Its accumulating nature in the body makes it a great threat to public health particularly when humans consume lead intoxicated foods like chickens. The main purpose of the conducted research was to elucidate the bioaccumulation of lead in different organs of chickens and its toxicological effects on various organs and biochemical parameters. An experimental study on the effect of lead acetate toxicity in chicks was conducted by orally administration for consecutive thirty days. Thirty-chicks were categorized into A, B, C, D, E, and F groups with lead acetate dose rate 0, 71, 142, 213, and 284 mg/kg body weight, correspondingly. During the experiment, various biochemical parameters (uric acid, GPT, creatinine, ALP, LDH, ASAT, ALT, glutathione, superoxide dismutase) were measured employing commercially available kits. At the end of experimentation, and lead accumulation in liver, kidney and brain was estimated by absorption spectrophotometer. Some biochemical parameters like uric acid, GPT, creatinine, ALP, LDH, AST, and ALT were increased while the level of glutathione and superoxide dismutase, was found to be decreased after exposure to lead acetate. In present study, the pattern of metal accumulation in different organs directly related with concentration of metal. The order of metal accumulation in organs is; liver > kidney > brain. In the present study, supplementation of lead acetate has affected the exposed chicken. Mostly the blood profile and chemistry are perturbed. These effects might be due to the accumulation of lead in the brain, kidneys, and liver which may result in neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity. To refine such outcomes, further studies in the future are recommended.

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“…The Eimeria parasites are obligate, intracellular, apicomplexan parasites belonging to Eimeridae family and genus Eimeria (Brown-Jordan et al 2018 ). The epizootiology of chicken Eimeria has shown a wide range of variability of 11–92% (Gyorke et al 2013 ; Rashid et al 2019 ) and a great antigenic diversity, exhibiting host specificity (Kadykalo et al 2018 ). Eimeria have been successfully evading immune systems of hosts including chicken, turkey, pheasant, camel, goat, cattle, sheep, rabbit, mice, fish, and reptiles (Mohsin et al 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccines against chicken coccidiosis with particular reference to previous decade: progress, challenges, and opportunities

et al. 2022

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Chicken coccidiosis is an economically significant disease of commercial chicken industry accounting for losses of more than £10.4 billion (according to 2016 prices). Additionally, the costs incurred in prophylaxis and therapeutics against chicken coccidiosis in developing countries (for instance Pakistan according to 2018 prices) reached US $45,000.00 while production losses for various categories of chicken ranges 104.74 to US $2,750,779.00. The infection has been reported from all types of commercial chickens (broiler, layer, breeder) having a range of reported prevalence of 7–90%. The concern of resistance towards major anticoccidials has provided a way forward to vaccine research and development. For prophylaxis of chicken coccidiosis, live virulent, attenuated, ionophore tolerant strains and recombinant vaccines have been extensively trialed and commercialized. Eimeria antigens and novel vaccine adjuvants have elicited the protective efficacy against coccidial challenge. The cost of production and achieving robust immune responses in birds are major challenges for commercial vaccine production. In the future, research should be focused on the development of multivalent anticoccidial vaccines for commercial poultry. Efforts should also be made on the discovery of novel antigens for incorporation into vaccine designs which might be more effective against multiple Eimeria species. This review presents a recap to the overall progress against chicken Eimeria with particular reference to previous decade. The article presents critical analysis of potential areas for future research in chicken Eimeria vaccine development.

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Assessing the prevalence and economic significance of coccidiosis individually and in combination with concurrent infections in Pakistani commercial poultry farms

Cited by 12 publications

References 25 publications

Identification of Bacterial Profiles and Their Interactions with Selected Quality, Oxidative, and Immunological Parameters of Turkey Semen

Identification of Bacterial Profiles and Their Interactions with Selected Quality, Oxidative, and Immunological Parameters of Turkey Semen

Large scale toxicological evaluation of lead acetate in broiler chicken

Vaccines against chicken coccidiosis with particular reference to previous decade: progress, challenges, and opportunities

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