Assessing the potential of different charging strategies for electric vehicle fleets in closed transport systems

Smart energy: where do we stand and where should we go?

“…Few studies have employed a design-oriented approach to develop IS artifacts that actually have an impact on environmental sustainability. A particularly striking result of our review is the monothematic focus on energy consumption of most smart energy research published in IS journals, while in other outlets we find a number of studies on ICT's role in smart energy, addressing issues related to energy generation, transmission, storage, and consumption (e.g., Kranz and Picot 2011b;Catulli and Fryer 2012;Römer, Reichhart, Kranz, and Picot 2012;Gorsevski et al 2013;Wunderlich et al 2013;Schmidt, Eisel, and Kolbe 2014).…”

Using battery-electric AGVs in container terminals — Assessing the potential and optimizing the economic viability

“…However, the authors focus on individual traffic, which is not the case in our study. Further, Schmidt et al (2014) assess the economic potential of applying controlled charging concepts for a B-AGV fleet used with a BSS in a container terminal. Their results indicate that controlled charging concepts provide substantial economic cost-saving potentials.…”

“…To date, the most promising charging concept is controlled charging based on spot market prices, because of its attractive saving potential and relatively simple implementation compared to other charging concepts, such as offering control reserve on regulation markets (Schmidt et al, 2014;Tirez, Luickx, He, & Rious, 2010).…”

“…Furthermore, commercial fleets operating in closed transport systems seem to be particularly suited for the implementation of controlled charging concepts due in part to the significantly better predictability of energy consumption and vehicle operating times compared to those of privately used vehicles (Schmidt, Eisel, & Kolbe, 2014;Guille & Gross, 2009;Tomic & Kempton, 2007). By significantly decreasing energy procurement costs, the application of controlled charging concepts can make a valuable contribution to ensuring that these vehicles become economically competitive.…”

The importance of grid integration for achievable greenhouse gas emissions reductions from alternative vehicle technologies

“…Different control algorithms for managing the charging of electric vehicles have been developed [13,16], but focus on distribution circuit stability and not on the impacts on GHG emissions. Effects of driving patterns have been characterized by Spiedel [17] and Schmidt [18], but these have not been translated to greenhouse gas emission impacts. For plug-in electric vehicles on larger grids, some studies have also been conducted.…”