Assessing the mode of action of Phoslock® in the control of phosphorus release from the bed sediments in a shallow lake (Loch Flemington, UK)

Effectiveness and Mode of Action of Calcium Nitrate and Phoslock® in Phosphorus Control in Contaminated Sediment, a Microcosm Study

“…Previous research by Foy (1986) showed that the addition of 61 g N/m 2 of nitrate to the sediment delayed and reduced phosphorus release, causing complete suppression. Intact core experiment performed by Meis et al (2013) indicated that 510 g Phoslock®/ m 2 is required to control P release under anaerobic condition.…”

“…DO in aerobic layer was slightly higher in Phoslock® treatment than in control on days 5 and 66. Phoslock® transformed SRP into highly recalcitrant P forms and controlled P release from sediment (Meis et al 2013). This process can reduce the bioavailable P and as a consequence, might reduce microbial respiration (Ramírez et al 2003).…”

“…Chemical modifiers such as aluminum, iron salts, nitrate, and Phoslock® have been studied in previous research (Hansen et al 2003;Liu et al 2009;Meis et al 2013). Aluminum and iron salts were able to inhibit the release of phosphorus (P) from sediment by combining with soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) to form insoluble precipitants (Liu et al 2009).…”

“…Research had shown that nitrate addition could not only eliminate black-odorous and suppress internal phosphorus loading in the contaminated sediment but also successfully stimulate indigenous microorganisms for in situ bioremediation (Hemond and Lin 2010;Xu et al 2014;Yamada et al 2012). Phoslock®, a new lanthanum-modified bentonite, was developed in the 1990s by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) of Australia (Robb et al 2003), and had succeeded in reducing phosphorus in both laboratory and field trials (Meis et al 2012;Meis et al 2013;Lürling and van Oosterhout 2013). Phoslock® had also been used to remove phosphorus from wastewater and to control phosphate mobilization in soils (Geurts et al 2011;Haghseresht et al 2009).…”

Release characteristics of sediment phosphorus in all fractions of West Lake, Hang Zhou, China

“…The P concentration in the overlying water of shallow lakes in China after the disturbing can maintain relatively high level, and this provides necessary nutrition for eutrophication (Wu and Hua, 2014;Meis et al, 2013). This is one of the reasons that it is difficult to control the shallow lake eutrophication in China and algal bloom often occur after the high turbulence caused by fish, boating activity or stronger wind.…”