Assessing the Management of Protected Areas: The Work of the World Parks Congress Before and After Durban

Hockings, Marc; Ervin, Jamison; Vincent, Geoffrey P.

doi:10.1080/13880290490480130

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Based on the WCPA framework for assessing the management effectiveness of protected areas and protected-area systems (Hockings 2000;Hockings et al 2002), detailed assessment indices have been established and applied to assessment practices in various countries and organizations throughout the world (Courrau 1999;Ervin 2003a;Hockings et al 2004b;Xu and Melick 2007). In 2005, using a questionnaire developed by the World Bank (WB) and the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) as a management-effectiveness tracking tool (Stolton et al 2003), we carried out a survey in 634 nature reserves, including the most important nature reserves in China, and 535 of these surveys were effectively completed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the effectiveness of nature reserve management in China

Quan

Ouyang

et al. 2011

Biodivers Conserv

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Assessing the management effectiveness of nature reserves is an effective way to promote management quality and achieve management targets. Using a questionnaire developed by the World Bank (WB) and the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) as a tool for tracking management effectiveness, we carried out a survey in 535 nature reserves in China to assess the management status quo in 2005. The results indicated that the indices related to management regulation, infrastructure and equipment, monitoring and evaluation, budget and community involvement produced relatively lower scores, while the indices related to management of protection targets and resources, setup of management agency and reserve boundary had better performances. The independent variables of reserve class, time since establishment, distribution region, economic condition and staff number exhibited strong correlations with the effective management of nature reserves. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to measure the association between the 3 assessment indices representing management effectiveness and other 28 assessment indices. Among these 28 assessment indices, the indices of personnel management, resource management, monitoring and evaluation, and management plan had more effects on the management effectiveness of nature reserves than other indices. When the most pressing management issues and influence factors have been identified, countermeasures can be implemented to improve the management of nature reserves.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the effectiveness of nature reserve management in China

Quan

Ouyang

et al. 2011

Biodivers Conserv

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“…International conventions and organizations can also be important vehicles for legislative and policy change, as in the case of management effectiveness evaluation, where advocacy by the IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas achieved the inclusion of management effectiveness evaluation in the Programme of Work on Protected Areas of the Convention on Biological Diversity (Hockings et al. ). Such international support for an embedded science model could be a catalyst for institutionalizing an embedded science function in conservation agencies around the world.…”

Section: Challenges and Opportunities Of Embedded Researchersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stipulation of a research function in legislation could strengthen the case for embedded science, ensuring its longevity in the face of idiosyncratic changes in policy, culture, or budgets. International conventions and organizations can also be important vehicles for legislative and policy change, as in the case of management effectiveness evaluation, where advocacy by the IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas achieved the inclusion of management effectiveness evaluation in the Programme of Work on Protected Areas of the Convention on Biological Diversity (Hockings et al 2004). Such international support for an embedded science model could be a Conservation Biology Volume 33, No.…”

Section: Opportunities To Support Embedded Researchersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The case for embedding researchers in conservation agencies

Roux

Cook

Carruthers

et al. 2019

Conservation Biology

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Although protected areas represent a pivotal response to escalating anthropogenic threats, they face many pressures, inside and outside their boundaries. Amid these challenges, effective conservation is guided by evidence‐based decision making supported by dynamic processes of learning and knowledge exchange. Although different models promote knowledge exchange, embedding research scientists within conservation agencies is best suited to supporting evidence‐based conservation. Based on available literature and our experiences on several continents, we considered the benefits, challenges, and opportunities associated with embedding research scientists within conservation agencies and the research required to better understand the effectiveness of the embedding model for evidence‐based conservation. Embedded researchers provide long‐term commitment to building social capital among academic and nonacademic stakeholders; act as skilled gatekeepers who increase 2‐way flow of knowledge between scientists and managers; attract, coordinate, and support management‐relevant external research projects; drive the design and maintenance of long‐term monitoring; and align their research with information needs. Notwithstanding the many benefits, research capacity of conservation agencies is declining worldwide. A significant challenge is that the values, structures, functions, and effectiveness of the embedding model of knowledge exchange remain poorly evaluated and documented. Also, embedded researchers have to balance their desire for creativity and flexibility with the standardization and quality control required by their public sector agencies; may be perceived as not credible because they are not truly independent of their agency; and have to couple scientific productivity with skills for transdisciplinary research, social facilitation, and stakeholder engagement. Systematic research on embedding and other models of knowledge exchange, across different world contexts, is required to better understand the benefits, costs, and institutional arrangements associated with different models.

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“…The most highly structured approach to evidencebased management is adaptive management, which involves an extensive decision-making process to develop, trial and select among multiple potentially effective management options (Nichols and Williams, 2006;Westgate et al, 2013). The MEE process also facilitates evidence-based management, and in contrast to adaptive management, is being increasingly used by protected area management agencies to ensure the best available evidence informs management decisions (Coad et al, 2013;Hockings et al, 2004;Leverington et al, 2010). However, the implementation of MEE is still evolving, with managers citing difficulties associated with data availability and "closing the loop" to ensure evidence-based management (Jacobson et al, 2008(Jacobson et al, , 2014Parr et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%