Assessing the fire risk of electrical cables using a cone calorimeter

Martinka, Jozef; Rantuch, Peter; Sulova, Janka; Martinka, Filip

doi:10.1007/s10973-018-7556-5

Cited by 42 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…On the other hand, when compared with the results of scientific works of Walters et al [24], Karlsson and Quintiere [25] and Tsiamis et al [27], the investigated electrical cables (as a whole) showed significantly lower effective heat of combustion (fire risk in terms of released heat), as most of synthetic polymers. For comparison, the results of the scientific work of Martinka et al [31] (for similar electrical cables) showed that the average heat of combustion of outer sheath is 16.5 ± 0.3 MJ/kg, the average heat of combustion of bedding is 7.4 ± 0.2 MJ/kg and the average heat of combustion of insulation is 16.9 ± 0.5 MJ/kg.…”

Section: Results and Discussion On Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat of Combustion as the Key Fire Characteristics of Electrical Cables

Martinka

Rantuch

Hladová

et al. 2019

Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology

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This scientific study deals with investigation of the heat of combustion and effective heat of combustion of selected electrical cables. Two different electrical cables for rated voltage of 0.6/1 kV were investigated. Both cables were power three-core with cross-section area of each core of 1.5 mm2. The cores of both cables were made of a bar cooper wire. Insulations of conductors of both cables were made of silane cross-linked polyethylene without any inorganic filler, while the bedding and outer sheath were made of polyethylene-based copolymer (the beddings were filled with two fillers - aluminium hydroxide and calcium carbonate, while the outer sheath were filled only with aluminium hydroxide). Reaction to fire class of both cables was B2ca, s1, d0, a1. The main difference in the investigated cables was that the core of one of them was wrapped in a glass mica tape (this cable showed circuit integrity maintenance under fire conditions during 180 minutes). The heat of combustion and effective heat of combustion were determined by the oxygen bomb calorimeter according to the ISO 1716:2018 standard. The highest effective heat of combustion showed the insulation of wires (for both cables 42.47 ± 0.03 MJ/kg), lower value showed outer sheath (interval form13.61 to 15.26 MJ/kg) and the lowest value was determined for bedding (interval from 4.69 to 6.39 MJ/kg). The effective heath of combustion per unit of length of both investigated cables lies in the interval from 1.37 to 1.38 MJ/m. Therefore, there is no significant difference in effective heats of combustion of the electrical cables investigated.

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Section: Results and Discussion On Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat of Combustion as the Key Fire Characteristics of Electrical Cables

Martinka

Rantuch

Hladová

et al. 2019

Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology

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“…Monte Carlo simulation and CFAST are used to estimate the failure probability of redundant cables in a cable tunnel fire and failure and smoke filling probabilities in an electronics room during an electronics cabinet fire [14]. Finally, the heat release rate and toxicity of combustion products, smoke yield, and flashover category assess the effect of the mutual spacing between the cables and thermal conductivity of cable materials on fire risk [15]. Van Weyenberge et al [16] used smoke spread, evacuation, and consequence model to determine final consequences, and the final risk was given by the expected number of fatalities, individual risk, and societal risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Method for Risk Assessment of Cable Fires in Utility Tunnel

et al. 2019

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Given the flammability of power cables and the high cost of utility tunnel construction, power cable fires cause serious economic losses and are associated with a negative social impact. In the study, a weighted fuzzy Petri net and an event tree are combined to propose a quantitative evaluation method to mitigate cable fire risks in a utility tunnel. First, cable fire risk factors are analyzed. Given the lack of utility tunnel cable fire historical data, fuzzy theory is used to calculate the failure probability of the primary event. Second, a weighted fuzzy Petri net is used for fuzzy reasoning, and an event tree is used to analyze all possible consequences. Subsequently, the numerical simulation method is used to quantify the loss from the cable fire and thereby quantify the risk of cable fire. Finally, the effect of different risk factors on a cable fire is analyzed to determine the main factors that affect cable fires. Simultaneously, the control ability of different control measures with respect to the fire is analyzed to determine key control measures. A case study of a utility tunnel cable cabin in Liupanshui in Guizhou is employed to validate the utility of the proposed method.

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“…Indeed, recent catastrophic events and present legislations clearly highlight the potential danger related to fire events, as well as the environmental and toxicological risks associated with some of the most commonly used flame-retardant chemicals. Particular fire risk is associated with electrical cables as they contain several polymeric parts (insulation, bedding, sheath) constituting fuel sources (for fire start and spread) as a consequence of arcing, excessive ohmic heating (without arcing) and external heating [1,2]. Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) and EVA blends with polyethylene (EVA-PE) are among the most widely used polymers for insulation and sheathing of electric cables.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Mechanical Properties and Reaction to Fire of EVA/LLDPE Blends for Cable Applications with Melamine Triazine and Bentonite Clay

et al. 2019

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The high flame-retardant loading required for ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer blends with polyethylene (EVA-PE) employed for insulation and sheathing of electric cables represents a significant limitation in processability and final mechanical properties. In this work, melamine triazine (TRZ) and modified bentonite clay have been investigated in combination with aluminum trihydroxide (ATH) for the production of EVA-PE composites with excellent fire safety and improved mechanical properties. Optimized formulations with only 120 parts per hundred resin (phr) of ATH can achieve self-extinguishing behavior according to the UL94 classification (V0 rating), as well as reduced combustion kinetics and smoke production. Mechanical property evaluation shows reduced stiffness and improved elongation at break with respect to commonly employed EVA-PE/ATH composites. The reduction in filler content also provides improved processability and cost reductions. The results presented here allow for a viable and halogen-free strategy for the preparation of high performing EVA-PE composites.

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Assessing the fire risk of electrical cables using a cone calorimeter

Cited by 42 publications

References 21 publications

Heat of Combustion as the Key Fire Characteristics of Electrical Cables

Heat of Combustion as the Key Fire Characteristics of Electrical Cables

A Novel Method for Risk Assessment of Cable Fires in Utility Tunnel

Improving Mechanical Properties and Reaction to Fire of EVA/LLDPE Blends for Cable Applications with Melamine Triazine and Bentonite Clay

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