Assessing the exposure to air pollution during transport in urban areas – Evidence review

Mitsakou, Christina; Adamson, James P.; Doutsi, Artemis; Brunt, Huw; Jones, Sarah J.; Gowers, Alison M.; Exley, Karen

doi:10.1016/j.jth.2021.101064

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…64 Vehicle drivers and passengers experience higher concentrations of pollutants than nearby pedestrians and cyclists. 65 Therefore, cabin air filtration could make a meaningful impact on individual air pollution exposure. Pui et al 66 tested the ability of a standard cabin air filter to clean recirculating air while driving in traffic.…”

Section: Use Of In-vehicle Filtrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personal Strategies to Reduce the Cardiovascular Impacts of Environmental Exposures

Bonanni,

Newman

2024

Circulation Research

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Ubiquitous environmental exposures increase cardiovascular disease risk via diverse mechanisms. This review examines personal strategies to minimize this risk. With regard to fine particulate air pollution exposure, evidence exists to recommend the use of portable air cleaners and avoidance of outdoor activity during periods of poor air quality. Other evidence may support physical activity, dietary modification, omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, and indoor and in-vehicle air conditioning as viable strategies to minimize adverse health effects. There is currently insufficient data to recommend specific personal approaches to reduce the adverse cardiovascular effects of noise pollution. Public health advisories for periods of extreme heat or cold should be observed, with limited evidence supporting a warm ambient home temperature and physical activity as strategies to limit the cardiovascular harms of temperature extremes. Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substance exposure can be reduced by avoiding contact with perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substance–containing materials; blood or plasma donation and cholestyramine may reduce total body stores of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances. However, the cardiovascular impact of these interventions has not been examined. Limited utilization of pesticides and safe handling during use should be encouraged. Finally, vasculotoxic metal exposure can be decreased by using portable air cleaners, home water filtration, and awareness of potential contaminants in ground spices. Chelation therapy reduces physiological stores of vasculotoxic metals and may be effective for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease.

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Section: Use Of In-vehicle Filtrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personal Strategies to Reduce the Cardiovascular Impacts of Environmental Exposures

Bonanni,

Newman

2024

Circulation Research

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“…Traffic related air pollution and noise pollution is high in the urban core alongside roadand rail-traffic with high traffic volume and might be even reinforced by low air exchange [10,11]. Cyclists and pedestrians, who move alongside road-and rail-traffic, are exposed to air pollution and noise pollution higher than when separated from motorized traffic [12]. Some studies estimate they inhale higher doses of air pollution than motorized transport commuters [13,14].…”

Section: European Transport Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Informing about the invisible: communicating en route air pollution and noise exposure to cyclists and pedestrians using focus groups

Marquart

2022

Eur. Transp. Res. Rev.

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Active mobility and public transport are considered beneficial for health and wellbeing and valuable for climate change mitigation. However, cyclists and pedestrians have high air pollution and noise exposure alongside traffic, which adversely impact health and wellbeing. The measured exposure can differ from the perceived exposure, hence, communicating en route exposure is crucial. Therefore, this study investigates how to communicate route-based exposure to cyclists and pedestrians and explores if exposure communication, e.g. via smartphones, is worthwhile for healthy and pleasant commute. It is investigated how exposure feedback influences the motivation to protect oneself and how exposure information should be designed. Three focus groups with 20 cyclists/pedestrians living in Berlin, Germany, were conducted. Based on Protection Motivation Theory and Environmental Health Literacy concept, (1) experiences and practices after recognizing exposure were discussed and (2) information needs and communication strategies were developed. The results reveal a feeling of helplessness regarding the ubiquity and uncertainty of pollution and a heightened threat appraisal. Anger, anxiety and rejection were stated. Making sense of pollution levels and protective alternatives were central. A healthy routing app, including also pleasant route factors, was desired. However, information provision was also denied. Participants argued the responsibility should not be left to the commuters and planning for exposed road users would be crucial. Information provision may not be worthwhile if planning authorities do not provide healthy alternatives. People-centered approaches for tackling air pollution and noise exposure en route should be investigated further.

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“…Many studies have proved that air pollution seriously endanger public health. Road transport is an important source of air pollution to which most people are frequently exposed (Mitsakou et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine Particulate Matter Exposure and Inhalation Dose during Traffic Commuting-A Case Study in Guangzhou

Zeng

et al. 2022

Preprint

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This research focuses on the PM exposure of commuters under five modes of transportation (subway, bus, bicycle, automobile and walking) in Haizhu District, Guangzhou. By portable aerosol Monitor (Grimm spectrometer, Model 11-R) with a time resolution of 6 seconds, the real-time exposure concentration, the average exposure concentration and inhalation dose of commuters were analyzed. The length of route is designed as a 60-minute walking distance, about 4 kilometers. The average PM2.5 exposure concentration of different commuting modes was 29.77 ± 6.33µg/m³, 22.98 ± 3.13µg/m³, 35.50 ± 7.14µg/m³, 28.65 ± 4.12µg/m³, 10.75 ± 1.04µg/m³ and 47.29 ± 14.24µg/m³, corresponding to subway, bus, bicycle, car(windows closed), car(windows open) and walking respectively. During peak hours, commuters who take subway, bus and car can better avoid exposure to particulate pollution, especially in the evening rush hour. The opening or closing of the window is a critical factor affecting the exposure concentration of pollutants in the car. The inhalation dose of PM2.5 was 1.057 ± 0.003µg, 1.654 ± 0.002µg, 21.088 ± 0.021µg, 1.722 ± 0.003µg, 0.601 ± 0.001µg, and 31.723 ± 0.018µg, corresponding to subway, bus, bicycle, car(windows closed), car(windows open) and walking. According to the research, sub-micron particles (PM1.0) are the main particles in subway and the opening, and in the compartment, closing of compartment doors causes an instantaneous spike in the concentration of particulate matter .

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Assessing the exposure to air pollution during transport in urban areas – Evidence review

Cited by 21 publications

References 51 publications

Personal Strategies to Reduce the Cardiovascular Impacts of Environmental Exposures

Personal Strategies to Reduce the Cardiovascular Impacts of Environmental Exposures

Informing about the invisible: communicating en route air pollution and noise exposure to cyclists and pedestrians using focus groups

Fine Particulate Matter Exposure and Inhalation Dose during Traffic Commuting-A Case Study in Guangzhou

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