Assessing the Effect of Incorporating Environmental Water Requirement in the Water Stress Index for Thailand

Nilsalab, Pariyapat; Gheewala, Shabbir H.

doi:10.3390/su11010152

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…Human water demand and EWR are both important, as shown in a 2018 study in Thailand [8]. In which the human water demand, including EWR, is one of the components (WSIe1), in another approach, the EWR is stored in the available water source (WSIe2).…”

Section: Determination Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability evaluation of freshwater withdrawal on the Vu Gia Thu Bon river basin in Vietnam

Duong,

Nga

2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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The study uses the water stress index (WSI) as a tool to assess water scarcity. Water for the ecosystem is also referred to as the amount of water required by the basin. The MIKE SHE hydrological model is used to simulate the flow in the period 1980–2020 and forecast 2030. The study also found the importance of distinguishing groundwater from surface water when calculating. 1) There is a difference in WSI between the sub-basins, according to the results. Water scarcity is more severe in the downstream regions than it is in the middle and upstream regions, particularly in the region that supplies water to Da Nang city. 2) The bulk of WSI values between March and May 2020 were higher than 0.6, with a severe scarcity WSI peak of more than 3.4. According to the low emission scenario B1, the summer rainfall changes in the Quang Nam - Da Nang region will fall by roughly 1.9% -2.1% in 2030, increasing the likelihood of more severe and extreme droughts. The WSI will also rise by twice as much as it did in 2020. Water shortages will start sooner and stay longer in 2030, starting in February and continuing through September.

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Section: Determination Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability evaluation of freshwater withdrawal on the Vu Gia Thu Bon river basin in Vietnam

Duong,

Nga

2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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“…Human water demand and EWR are both important, as shown in a 2018 study in Thailand [5]. On the one hand, the human water demand including EWR is one of the components (WSIe1), but on the other approach, EWR is stored in the available water source ( WSIe2).…”

Section: Water Stress Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Stress Index application to assess water scarcity of Lower Vu Gia - Thu Bon River Basin in Vietnam

Tran

2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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The role of water security is the importance of sustainable development in a country. This study used the water stress index (WSI) to evaluate the status of water resources and water exploitation in the Vu Gia - Thu Bon river basin. In the study, the Vu Gia - Thu Bon river basin was divided into 15 areas to calculate the water stress index (WSI) through the following calculation: The water availability is calculated by the simulation software MIKE SHE; Demand water (domestic, industry, agriculture); Environmental water requirement (EWR) to maintain environmental stability of the river. The findings have shown that 1) There is WSI differences beetwen upper and lower Vu Gia Thu Bon; 2) In the downstream areas, WSI value is up to 4 in the dry season. WSI exceeds 1 times is during the period from April to June. Water scarcity becomes more serious than in the middle and upstream areas, especially, the exploitation area to supply water for domestic and industry in Da Nang city.

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“…Therefore, addressing future climate shifts in both rainfall patterns and increases in temperature is challenging especially for climate change and biodiversity hotspots since they are two major components of ongoing climate change [2,3]. As with most other parts of Thailand, the northeastern part of Thailand (henceforth referred to as the Northeast) is being affected by droughts almost every year [4][5][6]. Drought leads to a crop water shortage, wilt, desiccation, growth retardation, poor quality of crop yield, etc., and conditions could worsen if a more extensive dry spell continues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Agricultural Water Sufficiency under Climate and Land Use Changes in the Lam Takong River Basin

Insan

Kuntiyawichai

2022

Water

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To narrow the gap of agricultural water insufficiency in the Lam Takong River Basin, Thailand, we conducted an assessment of water availability and agricultural water demand under climate and land use changes. The water availability was estimated by SWAT, which was calibrated and validated during 2008–2012 and 2013–2018 against the observed daily discharge at the M.164 station. Measured and simulated discharges showed good agreement during calibration and validation, as indicated by values of 0.75 and 0.69 for R2 and 0.74 and 0.63 for Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency, respectively. The results of GCMs (IPSL-CM5-MR, NorESM1-M, and CanESM2) under RCPs 4.5 and 8.5 were calculated to investigate changes in rainfall and temperature during 2020–2099. The warming tendencies of future maximum and minimum temperatures were projected as 0.018 and 0.022 °C/year and 0.038 and 0.045 °C/year under RCPs 4.5 and 8.5, respectively. The future rainfall was found to increase by 0.34 and 1.06 mm/year under RCPs 4.5 and 8.5, respectively. As compared to the 2017 baseline, the future planted areas of rice, maize, and cassava were projected to decrease during 2020–2099, while the sugarcane plantation area was expected to increase until 2079 and then decline. The top three greatest increases in future land use area were identified as residential and built-up land (in 2099), water bodies (in 2099), and other agricultural land (in 2059), while the three largest decrease rates were paddy fields (in 2099), forest land (in 2099), and orchards (during 2059–2079). Under the increased reservoir storage and future climate and land use changes, the maximum and minimum increases in annual discharge were 1.4 (RCP 8.5) and 0.1 million m3 (RCP 4.5) during 2060–2079. The sugarcane water demand calculated by CROPWAT was solely projected to increase from baseline to 2099 under RCP 4.5, while the increase for sugarcane and cassava was found for RCP 8.5. The future unmet water demand was found to increase under RCPs 4.5 and 8.5, and the highest deficits would take place in June and March during 2020–2039 and 2040–2099, respectively. In this context, it is remarkable that the obtained results are able to capture the continued and growing imbalance between water supply and agricultural demand exacerbated by future climatic and anthropogenic land use changes. This research contributes new insight for compiling a comprehensive set of actions to effectively build resilience and ensure future water sufficiency in the Lam Takong River Basin.

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Assessing the Effect of Incorporating Environmental Water Requirement in the Water Stress Index for Thailand

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

Sustainability evaluation of freshwater withdrawal on the Vu Gia Thu Bon river basin in Vietnam

Sustainability evaluation of freshwater withdrawal on the Vu Gia Thu Bon river basin in Vietnam

Water Stress Index application to assess water scarcity of Lower Vu Gia - Thu Bon River Basin in Vietnam

Assessment of Agricultural Water Sufficiency under Climate and Land Use Changes in the Lam Takong River Basin

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