The role of water security is the importance of sustainable development in a country. This study used the water stress index (WSI) to evaluate the status of water resources and water exploitation in the Vu Gia - Thu Bon river basin. In the study, the Vu Gia - Thu Bon river basin was divided into 15 areas to calculate the water stress index (WSI) through the following calculation: The water availability is calculated by the simulation software MIKE SHE; Demand water (domestic, industry, agriculture); Environmental water requirement (EWR) to maintain environmental stability of the river. The findings have shown that 1) There is WSI differences beetwen upper and lower Vu Gia Thu Bon; 2) In the downstream areas, WSI value is up to 4 in the dry season. WSI exceeds 1 times is during the period from April to June. Water scarcity becomes more serious than in the middle and upstream areas, especially, the exploitation area to supply water for domestic and industry in Da Nang city.
This study used survey data to evaluate the current status of electrical energy use of commercial office (CO) and governmental office (GO) buildings in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) in Vietnam. Main data used in the analyses including floor area and monthly electricity consumption which were gathered from the questionnaire survey for 57 CO and GO buildings in two cities – conducted by the Vietnam Clean Energy Program in 2015. The basic statistical analysis techniques were used to evaluate the electricity consumption intensity of office buildings and preliminarily analyze key factors affecting the energy consumption of these buildings. The results generally showed that CO buildings consumed significantly more electricity than GO buildings in all months of the year and the variation and trend of mean monthly electricity consumption intensity of the buildings strongly depend on that of ambient air temperature. In addition, the energy use intensities (EUIs) of CO buildings, GO buildings, and both buildings (CO+GO) in HCMC (in a hot climate all year round) were higher than those in Hanoi (in a climate with four distinct seasons). The mean EUIs of these buildings in Hanoi, HCMC, and both cities were 105.9, 116.4, and 109.6 kWh/m2 floor. year. The findings of this study are useful information on the status of energy use and energy efficiency of CO and GO buildings in Hanoi and HCMC, thereby contribute scientific bases to the development of policies and solutions to promote the energy efficiency of CO and GO buildings in the coming years and urgent actions for sustainable energy and climate change mitigation in Vietnam.
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