Assessing the current state of the Gironde Estuary by mapping priority contaminant distribution and risk potential in surface sediment

Occurrence, risk assessment, and source apportionment of heavy metals in surface sediments from Khanpur Lake, Pakistan

“…Various conservative elements may be used: Al, Fe, Th, Ti, Zr, etc. (Larrose et al 2010;Reimann and de Caritat 2005). Iron is chosen as the conservative element for normalization in this work.…”

Distribution, source identification and risk assessment of selected metals in sediments from freshwater lake

“…Although various conservative elements may be used (Larrose et al, 2010;Reimann and de Caritat, 2005); iron was chosen as the conservative element for normalization in this work. The interest of using Fe content was its relationship to 11 the abundance in the sediments.…”

A chemical status predictor. A methodology based on World-Wide sediment samples

“…Specific details about the areas considered and the number of sediment samples collected at each water body are summarized in Table 1 (Almeida et al, 2008;Botello et al, 1992;de Carvalho Gomes et al, 2009;Er-Raioui et al, 2012;Gredilla et al, 2013;Larrose et al, 2010;Ponce-V elez et al, 2012;Puy-Azurmendi et al, 2010;Sarkar et al, 2004;Tovar et al, 2000). All the water bodies fit the definition WFD for transitional waters (WFD, 2000).…”