Occurrence, risk assessment, and source apportionment of heavy metals in surface sediments from Khanpur Lake, Pakistan

Iqbal, Javed; Shah, Munir H.

doi:10.1186/s40543-014-0028-z

Cited by 50 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Mean levels of Cr and Cu were found to be lower than most of the reported levels in Table 5 except Rawal Lake, Pakistan and Poxim River Estuary, Brazil (Passos et al, 2010), whereas, the present Fe levels were found to be higher than those reported for Khanpur Lake, Pakistan (Iqbal and Shah, 2014). Average levels of Mn were higher than the reported levels for Rawal Lake and Khanpur Lake, Pakistan Iqbal and Shah, 2014), but significantly lower than the reported concentrations for Mahanadi River, India (Sundaray et al, 2011) andAlgeciras Bay Spain (Díaz-de Alba et al, 2011). Zinc concentrations were found higher than the levels reported in most of the studies except Mahanadi River, India (Sundaray et al, 2011).…”

Section: Comparison Of the Metal Levels With Reported Studiescontrasting

confidence: 73%

Geochemical speciation, anthropogenic contamination, risk assessment and source identification of selected metals in freshwater sediments—A case study from Mangla Lake, Pakistan

Saleem

Iqbal

Shah

2015

Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management

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104

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Please cite this article in press as: Saleem, M., et al., Geochemical speciation, anthropogenic contamination, risk assessment and source identification of selected metals in freshwater sediments-A case study from Mangla Lake, Pakistan. Environ. Nanotechnol. Monit. Manag. (2015), http://dx. a b s t r a c tGeochemical speciation of selected metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr and Zn) using modified BCR sequential extraction procedure was performed in the sediments collected from Mangla Lake, Pakistan. The extraction method was optimized using certified reference material (BCR-701) which showed significant recoveries (95-106%). Among the metals, Cd, Co, Ni, Pb and Sr exhibited relatively higher mobility and bioavailability, while Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn were found mainly in the residual fractions. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed four groups of the metals in the sediments; I (Cd-Cr-Ni-Sr), II (Co-Pb), III (Fe-Zn), and IV (Mn-Cu); first two groups were mostly contributed by anthropogenic sources. The pollution indicators (individual contamination factor, enrichment factor and geoaccumulation index) revealed significant anthropogenic contamination of Cd, Co, Ni, Pb, Sr and Zn in the sediments. Risk assessment code (RAC) indicated medium risk for Co and Ni; high risk for Cd and Pb; and very high risk for Sr in the sediments. Cluster analysis (CA) and global contamination factor (GCF) were used to identify the pollution hotspots, which indicated more severe metal contamination at sites near to Mirpur city and other urban/semi-urban areas (S3-S5), especially for Cd, Co, Ni, Pb and Sr.

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Section: Comparison Of the Metal Levels With Reported Studiescontrasting

confidence: 73%

Geochemical speciation, anthropogenic contamination, risk assessment and source identification of selected metals in freshwater sediments—A case study from Mangla Lake, Pakistan

Saleem

Iqbal

Shah

2015

Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management

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104

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“…The values of Cd were higher than in Sapanca Lake, Turkey [50]. However, the concentrations observed in Keenjhar Lake for As, Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Cr were lower than in Simly Lake [25], Khanpur Lake (summer) [36], Mangla Lake (summer and winter) [51], Plateau Lake wetland, China [52], Karla Lake Thessaly, Greece (summer and winter) [53] and Sapanca Lake, Turkey; with the exception of Cd higher than Sapanca Lake [50]. Numbers in bold indicate the average concentration of metals and metalloids in surface sediments of national and international reported levels lower than Keenjhar Lake, while dashed cells indicate information not available.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Most of these lakes supply water to downstream cities and got contaminated due to upstream anthropogenic activities. It was observed that the concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, and Mn were found to be higher than the two most important lakes in Pakistan: Khanpur Lake (winter) [36] and Rawal Lake [49]. The concentration of Cr was found to be higher than in Rawal Lake.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The I geo developed by Müller in 1969 [10,36], was used to assess the pollution level in sediments through a comparison of the existing concentrations of each metal and metalloid to that of the uncontaminated or pre-industrial time. Due to the absence of pre-industrial data, global average shale [37] was adopted as the standard for reference [38,39].…”

Section: Geo-accumulation Index (I Geo )mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pollution Loads and Ecological Risk Assessment of Metals and a Metalloid in the Surface Sediment of Keenjhar Lake, Pakistan

Imran¹,

Ullah²,

Shaikh³

2020

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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This study aims to analyze the concentrations of heavy metals and a metalloid in the surface sediments of Keenjhar Lake, Sindh, Pakistan that pose a risk to the lake ecosystem. The concentrations and ecological risks associated with eight metals and a metalloid (As, Pb, Cd, Cu, Mn, Fe, Ni, Hg, and Cr) from surface sediments of the lake, was evaluated at 10 sampling locations. The overall 95 th percentile concentrations of trace elements were observed as As (29.1), Pb (7.6), Cd (0.68), Cu (9.3), Mn (56.43), Fe (352.3), Ni (10.36), and Cr (29.61) mg/kg. Metal wise as well as aggregated levels of contamination were studied. It was observed that all metals except Hg were detected in the lake sediment. Based on the geo-accumulation index and enrichment factor, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Pb showed low pollution levels, while As, Cd, and Fe showed a high degree of contamination. Based on the 95 th percentile, the average values of EF for As, Cd and Fe were observed as 274%, 300% and 907% respectively. Pollution Load Index reflected metals and metalloid contamination near the warning threshold, with an average value of 0.825. The Nemerow integrated pollution index (range 6.79-7.59, i.e., >3) and degree of contamination (range 12-24) suggested strong pollution levels. According to the findings of the ecological risk index, Cd showed high ecological risk (between 160-320) at all sampling sites, and potential ecological risk index was at moderate risk level (between 150-300) at all locations. Multivariate analysis of the metals and a metalloid classified as As, Cd, and Fe in one group with the remaining metals in another group show that metals of each group originate from the same source.

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“…Among these metals, Al, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mo in the marine sediments affected the metal compositions in the tsunami deposits; they were higher than those metals in the soil origin tsunami deposits in Area Y. Results show that Mn and Cu were contributed predominantly by untreated urban wastes and by agricultural runoff [31]. The Cu compositions in sediments were increased by pollution from industrial land use [32] and from urban areas [33].…”

Section: Influence Of Land Use Of Backland Areas On Tsunami Depositsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Estimation of 2011 Tohoku-Oki Tsunami Deposit Origins by Cluster Analysis Using Metal Composition

Suzuki

Kose

Tamaki

et al. 2018

J. of Wat. & Envir. Tech.

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A tsunami generated by The Great East Japan Earthquake inundated 3.1 − 5.4 km inland of the lowlying coastal areas of the Tohoku district, Japan, leaving sand and silt deposits over parts of the inundated areas. Applying cluster analysis to the deposits to ascertain their heavy metal compositions, we tried to estimate the tsunami deposit origin and attempted to ascertain their characteristics and distribution based on the shoreline topography and the land use of the backland. Cluster analysis results revealed that most tsunami deposits have similar metal compositions to those of marine sediments. The results suggest dominant marine sediment origin. The tsunami deposits showing soil origin of a unique location were subjected to strong tsunami waves because of the topography of surrounding areas. Moreover, a unique location around a building that disturbed the tsunami wave water currents showed soil origin. The silt contents in tsunami deposits were influenced by differences in tsunami wave water currents attributable to differences in shoreline topography. The metal compositions of tsunami deposits reflected both the mineralogical characteristics of the sediment and pollution profiles of the backland land use.

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Occurrence, risk assessment, and source apportionment of heavy metals in surface sediments from Khanpur Lake, Pakistan

Cited by 50 publications

References 36 publications

Geochemical speciation, anthropogenic contamination, risk assessment and source identification of selected metals in freshwater sediments—A case study from Mangla Lake, Pakistan

Geochemical speciation, anthropogenic contamination, risk assessment and source identification of selected metals in freshwater sediments—A case study from Mangla Lake, Pakistan

Pollution Loads and Ecological Risk Assessment of Metals and a Metalloid in the Surface Sediment of Keenjhar Lake, Pakistan

Estimation of 2011 Tohoku-Oki Tsunami Deposit Origins by Cluster Analysis Using Metal Composition

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