Assessing the chemical and biological accessibility of the herbicide isoproturon in soil amended with biochar

Sopeña, Fátima; Semple, Kirk T.; Sohi, Saran; Bending, Gary D.

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.02.066

Cited by 107 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…[45] This could require increased inputs of herbicides and increased costs of agricultural management. However, the increased adsorption capacity, if managed correctly, could possibly provide a mechanism that would permit a slow release source of herbicide from biochar and thus lengthen the period of effectiveness of the herbicide application.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenylurea herbicide sorption to biochars and agricultural soil

Wang

Mukome

Yan

et al. 2015

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B

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Biochar is increasingly been used as a soil amendment to improve water holding capacity, reduce nutrient leaching, increase soil pH and also as a means to reduce contamination through sorption of heavy metals or organic pollutants. The sorption behavior of three phenylurea herbicides (monuron, diuron, linuron) on five biochars (Enhanced Biochar, Hog Waste, Turkey Litter, Walnut Shell and Wood Feedstock) and an agricultural soil (Yolo silt loam) was investigated using a batch equilibration method. Sorption isotherms of herbicides to biochars were well described by the Freundlich model (R2 = 0.93 -- 0.97). The adsorption KF values ranged from 6.94 to 1306.95 mg kg−1 and indicated the sorption of herbicides in the biochars and Yolo soil was in the sequence of linuron > diuron > monuron and walnut shell biochar > wood feedstock biochar > turkey litter biochar > enhanced biochar > hog waste biochar > Yolo soil. These data show that sorption of herbicides to biochar can have both positive (reduced off-site transport) and negative (reduced herbicide efficacy) implications and specific biochar properties, such as H/C ratio and surface area, should be considered together with soil type, agriculture chemical and climate condition in biochar application to agricultural soil to optimize the system for both agricultural and environmental benefits.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenylurea herbicide sorption to biochars and agricultural soil

Wang

Mukome

Yan

et al. 2015

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B

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“…Selection of this type of biochar would also limit the increase in soil ash content, which has been associated with increased hydrophobicity 18 and causes potential retention of hydrophobic agrochemicals, such as the herbicide group of phenylureas. 28 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Chemical and Physical Characteristics To Investigate Trends in Biochar Feedstocks

Mukome

Zhang

Silva

et al. 2013

J. Agric. Food Chem.

383

191

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Studies have shown that pyrolysis method and temperature are the key factors influencing biochar chemical and physical properties; however, information on the nature of biochar feedstocks is more accessible to consumers, making feedstock a better measure for selecting biochars. This study characterizes physical and chemical properties of commercially available biochars and investigates trends in biochar properties related to feedstock material to develop guidelines for biochar use. Twelve biochars were analyzed for physical and chemical properties. Compiled data from this study and from the literature (n = 85) were used to investigate trends in biochar characteristics related to feedstock. Analysis of compiled data reveals that despite clear differences in biochar properties from feedstocks of algae, grass, manure, nutshells, pomace, and wood (hard- and softwoods), characteristic generalizations can be made. Feedstock was a better predictor of biochar ash content and C/N ratio, but surface area was also temperature dependent for wood-derived biochar. Significant differences in ash content (grass and manure > wood) and C/N ratio (softwoods > grass and manure) enabled the first presentation of guidelines for biochar use based on feedstock material.

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“…It has been well accepted that water retention of soils increases due to biochar amendment. This reduces the need for irrigation, henceforth resulting in more of plant growth, decreasing water run-off and thereby reducing soil erosion and leaching of agricultural nutrients (Sopena et al 2012). It is clearer in the case of sandy soils, and does not appear to hold positive for loamy or clayey soils (Sopena et al 2012).…”

Section: Debate On Biochar's Improvement Of Soil Quality and Crop Promentioning

confidence: 96%

Carbon Capture and Storage

2015

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is a leading geoscientist of his generation, venture capitalist, and a significant figure in the politics of Colorado. In this article he reviews some inconvenient truths about the timely implementation of CCS projects in the US, some of which may resonate in other countries seeking CO 2 reduction measures.T he greatest challenge to carbon capture and storage (CCS) is likely to be economic rather than technical. A September 2008 McKinsey report estimated that the first commercial scale CCS projects, potentially to be built soon after 2020, would cost €35-50 per metric ton of CO 2 abated. They assume that if 500+ projects were built by 2030, the cost might fall to €25-40 per ton. About two-thirds of that cost is for CO 2 capture.It is interesting to consider those costs on a global scale. A study by Pacala and Socolow implies that we need to cut a cumulative 25 Gton of CO 2 over the next 50 years just to cap the CO 2 concentration in the atmosphere at a modest 500 ppm (we are now at 390 ppm). If all of our solutions cost €25 per ton, the economic impact would be €625 billion ($833 billion) over the next 50 years.Reducing CO 2 is a global issue, but the US creates 20% of the problem. It also offers an interesting case study on the difficulty of finding practical solutions in a challenging political and economic environment. Hopefully along the way the reader will discover opportunities as well as pitfalls to avoid.According to the US Department of Energy's Energy Information Administration (DOE-EIA), 98% of America's human-generated CO 2 comes from energy use, with 40% of that from electricity (coal and natural gas) and 33% from transportation (mostly petroleum). Coal produces 45% of America's electricity and natural gas produces 23% (see Figure 1).McKinsey's study notes that 'Retrofitting of existing power plants is likely to be more expensive than new installations, and economically feasible only for relatively new plants (with high efficiencies).' But according to the DOE-EIA, over the past 20 years coal contributed only 3.7% of total added US capacity while natural gas accounted for 88%. Few modern, efficient US coal plants have been added in the past 20 years.'Efficiency' is a term used to define the conversion of the theoretical energy content of a fuel into electricity. The McKinsey report notes that the energy required for the CCS CO 2 capture process increases the amount of coal that must be burned per MW-hour delivered, and estimates a CCS 'efficiency penalty' of 10%. This means that if a future coal plant could be built to achieve a 50% thermal efficiency, CCS would decrease that efficiency to 40%. Such a plant would be burning 50/40=1.25 times as much coal per MW-hour. And burning 25% more coal would also increase harmful emissions since CCS captures only about 90% of CO 2 and none of the other pollutants.CCS also faces storage challenges, such as site selection, CO 2 transportation costs, pipeline and CCS site permits, and uncertainties in monitoring CO 2 sequestration. Leakage of just 0.5% per year w...

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Assessing the chemical and biological accessibility of the herbicide isoproturon in soil amended with biochar

Cited by 107 publications

References 41 publications

Phenylurea herbicide sorption to biochars and agricultural soil

Phenylurea herbicide sorption to biochars and agricultural soil

Use of Chemical and Physical Characteristics To Investigate Trends in Biochar Feedstocks

Carbon Capture and Storage

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