Assessing the burden of respiratory disease in the UK

Abstract

This review explores the health and social burden of some of the main respiratory diseases (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, cystic fibrosis, lung cancer, mesothelioma, obstructive sleep apnoea and tuberculosis) in order to increase awareness of these diseases and highlight areas where improvements in care are required. The overall impact of respiratory diseases in the U.K. in terms of prevalence, mortality, morbidity and economic costs, with particular reference to secondary care has been considered and comparisons made with the rest of Europe where data are available. Respiratory diseases are responsible for a significant proportion of serious morbidity and premature death among the population of the U.K. and they will continue to present a growing challenge; special support is needed to tackle this burden.

Cephalometric Evaluation of Children with Allergic Rhinitis and Mouth Breathing

“…1 It is rarely observed as an isolated pathology, often being associated with asthma, [2][3][4][5] sinusitis, lymphoid tissue hypertrophy and obstructive sleep apnea. [2][3] There is a prevalence of 75 to 80% of asthma in patients who have allergic rhinitis.…”

“…[2][3] There is a prevalence of 75 to 80% of asthma in patients who have allergic rhinitis. 5 Many of these patients also display mouth breathing.…”

“…Rhinitis prevalence increases with age, 4,6 presenting wide variable values between countries and studies. For example, in the United Kingdom, asthma has a prevalence of 20% and allergic rhinitis has a prevalence Agostinho HA, et al Cephalometric evaluation of children with allergic rhinitis and mouth breathing, Acta Med Port 2015 May-Jun;28 (3): [316][317][318][319][320][321] of 40% at the age of 13 -14. In Spain, the prevalence of allergic rhinitis is 30.4% at the age at which children start school and 47.3% at the age of 13 -14. 7,8 In Portugal, the prevalence of rhinitis is 21.5% among 3 to 5 year-olds.…”

Ventilatory failure on acute take

“…1 Ventilatory failure is defined as the inability of the respiratory system to function effectively as a pump, resulting in hypoxaemia (PaO 2 <8.9 kpa/60 mmHg) and hypercapnia (PaCO 2 >6.7 kpa/50 mmHg). The hallmark of life-threatening ventilatory failure in the decompensated form is characterised by the presence of respiratory acidosis when arterial pH falls below 7.35 in addition to the gas exchange abnormalities mentioned above.…”

Screening for Common Respiratory Diseases among Israeli Adolescents

“…R espiratory diseases are responsible for a significant proportion of serious morbidity and premature death. Recent reports from the United Kingdom showed that respiratory diseases accounted for 6.5% of hospital admissions and 24% of all deaths (1). An American survey on the use of physician offices by adolescents showed that for the age groups 11 to 14 years and 18 to 21 years, the leading reason for visits were respiratory disorders (19.4% and 11.3%, respectively) (2).…”