Assessing Temporal Harmony: The Issue of a Balanced Time Perspective

Stolarski, Maciej; Wiberg, Britt; Osin, Evgeny

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-07368-2_3

Cited by 71 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…correlations between ability-based and self-report emotional intelligence; Goldenberg et al, 2006). The effects we observed may also have been attenuated by the deficiency of the indicator of TP profile that we used (Stolarski et al, 2015). Although the deviation from BTP seems to be the most valid among hitherto Zimbardo Time Perspective Inentory-based indicators of BTP (Zhang et al, 2013), it is still far from optimal due to (1) the limited reliability of the ZTPI scales, (2) self-report nature of the inventory, and (3) the fact that it measures only a static fit to the ‘optimal’ TP profile and thus represents a disposition rather than a behavioral measure of switching between the various possible TPs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…We might have obtained larger effects if we had been able to use a performance-based indicator of the dynamic selection of TPs. Unfortunately, no reliable indicator of this type has yet been developed (Stolarski et al, 2015). Nonetheless the results of this study seem to confirm the assumption that the ‘optimal’ TP profile proposed by Zimbardo and Boyd (2008) may indeed represent a precondition for effective switching between time horizons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fluid Intelligence as a Mediator of the Relationship between Executive Control and Balanced Time Perspective

et al. 2016

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This study examined the cognitive foundations of the balanced time perspective (BTP) proposed by Zimbardo and Boyd (1999). Although BTP is defined as the mental ability to switch effectively between different temporal perspectives, its connection with cognitive functioning has not yet been established. We addressed this by exploring the relationships between time perspectives and both fluid intelligence (measured with Raven’s and Cattell’s tests) and executive control (Go/No-go and anti-saccade tasks). An investigation conducted among Polish adults (N = 233) revealed that more balanced TP profile was associated with higher fluid intelligence, and higher executive control. Moreover, we found that the relationship between executive control and BTP was completely mediated by fluid intelligence with the effect size (the ratio of the indirect effect to the total effect) of 0.75, which suggests that cognitive abilities play an important role in adoption of temporal balance. The findings have relevance to time perspective theory as they provide valuable insight into the mechanisms involved in assigning human experience to certain time frames.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid Intelligence as a Mediator of the Relationship between Executive Control and Balanced Time Perspective

et al. 2016

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“…the past, the present or the future. How individuals approach this sense of psychological time has far-reaching cognitive, affective and motivational consequences (Stolarski, Wiberg & Osin, 2015). Therefore, it becomes important to consider temporal perspectives when studying human nature, both in terms of general understanding and practical interventions to modify biased time perspectives (Zimbardo & Boyd, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time to be smart: Uncovering a complex interplay between intelligence and time perspectives

et al. 2016

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“…Psychology societal functioning (cf. Sailer et al, 2014;Garcia, Sailer, Nima & Archer, 2016;Boniwell & Zimbardo, 2004;Stolarski, Wiberg, & Osin, 2015;Dunkel & Weber, 2010;Figueira & Bártolo-Ribeiro, 2013). In the present study, we aimed to investigate if individuals differ in their perspective of time depending on their dark character profiles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This cognitive process (Stolarski, Fieulaine, & van Beek, 2015), which often is an unconscious process , can be organized in five time perspective dimensions: (1) past positive, reflecting a sentimental and positive view of the past, (2) past negative, which reflects a pessimistic attitude toward the past, (3) present hedonistic, reflecting the desire of experiencing pleasure with slight concern for future consequences, (4) present fatalistic, which reflects a lack of hope and control for the future, and (5) future, which reflects the ability to find reward in achieving specific long-term goals (Zimbardo, Keough, & Boyd, 1997;. A balanced time perspective (i.e., low past negative, high past positive, low present hedonistic, and high future; Zimbardo & Boyd, 2008, Stolarski, Bitner, & Zimbardo, 2011) is suggested as necessary for the experience of well-being and optimal societal functioning (Sailer, Rosenberg, Nima, Gamble, Gärling, Archer, & Garcia, 2014;Garcia, Sailer, Nima & Archer, 2016;Boniwell & Zimbardo, 2004;Stolarski, Wiberg, & Osin, 2015;Dunkel & Weber, 2010;Figueira & Bártolo-Ribeiro, 2013;Drake, Duncan, Sutherland, Abernethy & Henry, 2008;Boniwell, Osin, Linley & Ivanchenko, 2010;Stolarski, Bitner & Zimbardo, 2011;Vowinckel, Westerhof, Bohlmeijer, & Webster, 2015;Webster, 2011). For instance, time perspective or the way in which individuals anchor events and experiences in time to make sense of them is predictive of their life satisfaction (Garcia, Sailer, Al Nima, & Archer, 2016;Sailer et al, 2014), use of drugs, alcohol and tobacco (Keough, Zimbardo & Boyd, 1999), risky driving (Zimbardo, Keough, & Boyd, 1997), and aggression (Stolarski, Zajenkowski, & Zajenkowska, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dark Time Matter: Dark Character Profiles and Time Perspective

Garcia¹,

Rosenberg²,

Moraga³

et al. 2018

PSYCH

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Background: Humans seem to have a unique ability to consciously organize the flow of time (i.e., past, present, and future) and to intentionally choose goals and values (i.e., character: self, others, the universe). These two parts of human awareness have implications for individuals' relation to a society that will flourish or perish. In fact, a balanced time perspective is suggested as necessary for the experience of well-being and optimal societal functioning. Nevertheless, low character development might be expressed as a Dark Triad: Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy. In the present study, we aimed to investigate if individuals differ in their outlook on time depending on their dark character profiles. Method: We re-analyzed data from a previous study in which participants (N = 338) responded to the Short Dark Triad Inventory and the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. However, here we use the Dark Cube (Garcia, 2017a), a model of malevolent character based on Cloninger's biopsychosocial theory of personality and in the assumption of a Dark Triad, thus, clustering individuals in eight profiles (i.e., the combination of high/low in three malevolent character traits). Results: The results for each trait suggest multi-finality (i.e., same antecedents, different outcomes) and equifinality (i.e., different antecedents, same outcomes). For example, individuals high in narcissism presented a balanced time perspective when manipulative behavior was also high and psychopathy was low. Conclusions: In certain conditions, malevolent character is associated to a balanced time perspective. Thus, suggesting that in order to understand well-being and optimal societal functioning, we need to look at human awareness in relation to both time (i.e., past, present, future) and space (i.e., character: self, others, the universe).

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Assessing Temporal Harmony: The Issue of a Balanced Time Perspective

Cited by 71 publications

References 18 publications

Fluid Intelligence as a Mediator of the Relationship between Executive Control and Balanced Time Perspective

Fluid Intelligence as a Mediator of the Relationship between Executive Control and Balanced Time Perspective

Time to be smart: Uncovering a complex interplay between intelligence and time perspectives

Dark Time Matter: Dark Character Profiles and Time Perspective

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