Time to be smart: Uncovering a complex interplay between intelligence and time perspectives

Zajenkowski, Marcin; Stolarski, Maciej; Maciantowicz, Oliwia; Malesza, Marta; Witowska, Joanna

doi:10.1016/j.intell.2016.06.002

Cited by 51 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…As a result, any inferences about a causal nature of the analyzed relationships are based solely on theoretical considerations and cannot be empirically verified. Although it is probable that executive functions provide bases for the development of BTP, it is also possible that BTP may influence executive functions (e.g., via regulation of stress states during cognitive task performance; see Zajenkowski et al, 2016). It would be then highly desirable to apply longitudinal design in future studies aiming to determine how these abilities and processes develop in order to establish the direction of influence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ability to time travel mentally, which is essential to TP-related phenomena, is considered uniquely human (Suddendorf and Corballis, 2007) and may thus be assumed to be linked to high-level cognitive functioning. Importantly, recent studies have provided empirical evidence that BTP is positively associated with fluid intelligence (Zajenkowski et al, 2016). We aimed, therefore, to examine fluid ability as a potential mediator of the relationship between executive control and BTP (H2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fluid Intelligence as a Mediator of the Relationship between Executive Control and Balanced Time Perspective

et al. 2016

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This study examined the cognitive foundations of the balanced time perspective (BTP) proposed by Zimbardo and Boyd (1999). Although BTP is defined as the mental ability to switch effectively between different temporal perspectives, its connection with cognitive functioning has not yet been established. We addressed this by exploring the relationships between time perspectives and both fluid intelligence (measured with Raven’s and Cattell’s tests) and executive control (Go/No-go and anti-saccade tasks). An investigation conducted among Polish adults (N = 233) revealed that more balanced TP profile was associated with higher fluid intelligence, and higher executive control. Moreover, we found that the relationship between executive control and BTP was completely mediated by fluid intelligence with the effect size (the ratio of the indirect effect to the total effect) of 0.75, which suggests that cognitive abilities play an important role in adoption of temporal balance. The findings have relevance to time perspective theory as they provide valuable insight into the mechanisms involved in assigning human experience to certain time frames.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid Intelligence as a Mediator of the Relationship between Executive Control and Balanced Time Perspective

et al. 2016

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“…Cognitive aspects of psychological time have been widely studied in various contexts, such as the perception of the passage of time and the estimation of duration (Matthews and Meck 2016;Wearden et al 2014). Recently, with growing interest time perspective has come to be understood more as an aspect of personality (Zimbardo and Boyd 1999) and a link to cognitive functioning has been observed (Witowska and Zajenkowski 2018;Zajenkowski et al , 2016a. One of the important findings in this area is the association between certain time perspective dimensions and executive control (Witowska and Zajenkowski 2018;Zajenkowski et al 2016b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive consequences of timeframe bias. On the link between working memory, cognitive switching, and time perspective

Witowska

Zajenkowski

2019

Curr Psychol

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The present study examined how time perspective is associated with working memory updating and cognitive switching. Additionally, stress states and mood as potential mediators of the relationship between time perspective and cognitive performance were analysed. During two sessions participants (n = 200) completed a set of questionnaires measuring time perspective, task-related stress states, and mood. Moreover, in two separate sessions they performed working memory updating and switching tasks. The results indicated that two time perspectives, i.e. Present Fatalism and Past Positive, were associated with updating. Furthermore, mediation analysis showed that positive mood accounted for these relationships. Specifically, Present Fatalism was correlated with low positive mood and in turn, worse working memory scores, whereas Past Positive was associated with high positive mood leading to better performance on the working memory task. None of the time perspective dimensions correlated with cognitive switching. These findings shed more light on the cognitive consequences of timeframe bias and suggest new approaches in research on time perspective and cognitive functioning.

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“…This result sheds some light on the 'dark nature' of Past-Negative: although this TP may indicate tendencies to manipulate other people and behave in an impulsive, antisocial way, it does not necessarily reflect grandiosity or egotism. This issue was further investigated by Zajenkowski, Witowska, Maciantowicz, and Malesza (2016) who showed that Past-Negative is associated with vulnerable narcissism, but not with grandiose narcissism. Some interesting insights regarding a rather complex nature of Past-Negative come from research on aggression (Stolarski, Zajenkowski, & Zajenkowska, 2016).…”

Section: Past-negativementioning

confidence: 99%

Putting Time in a Wider Perspective: The Past, the Present and the Future of Time Perspective Theory

Stolarski¹,

Fieulaine²,

Zimbardo³

The SAGE Handbook of Personality and Individual Differences: Volume I: The Science of Personality and Individual Differenc

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Time to be smart: Uncovering a complex interplay between intelligence and time perspectives

Cited by 51 publications

References 55 publications

Fluid Intelligence as a Mediator of the Relationship between Executive Control and Balanced Time Perspective

Fluid Intelligence as a Mediator of the Relationship between Executive Control and Balanced Time Perspective

Cognitive consequences of timeframe bias. On the link between working memory, cognitive switching, and time perspective

Putting Time in a Wider Perspective: The Past, the Present and the Future of Time Perspective Theory

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