“…Two of these systems are the Interaction Analysis Model (IAM), proposed by Gunawardena, Lowe, and Anderson (1997), and the Communities of Inquiry (CoI) model, proposed by Garrison, Anderson, and Archer (2001) -in particular, the set of levels proposed in the model for the analysis of "cognitive presence". Both of them have been widely used for research in this field (Akyol & Garrison, 2011;Garrison & Akyol, 2013;Lucas, Gunawardena, & Moreira, 2014), and have facilitated a global picture of how the processes of collaborative knowledge construction in virtual environments evolve. At the same time, they have demonstrated the difficulty which is involved in reaching the highest levels of collaborative knowledge construction, noting in many cases that the interaction and the communication between the participants does not progress beyond the characteristics of the first phases of the process (Lucas et al, 2014;Rourke & Kanuka, 2009).…”