Assessing Running Economy During Field Running with Changes of Direction: Application to 20 m Shuttle Runs

Buchheit, Martin; Haydar, Bachar; Hader, Karim; Ufland, Pierre; Ahmaidi, Saïd

doi:10.1123/ijspp.6.3.380

Cited by 40 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The estimated energy cost during the acceleration phase of running is higher than the energy cost while running at a constant velocity [22]. A COD while running requires a phase of deceleration and acceleration and eccentric and concentric muscle contraction [9], which generates a greater physiological load [12], [13], [14], [23]. These results indicate that running with CODs requires extra energy, even when running at a very low velocity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The values of HR and La during shuttle exercise were higher than those during straight running. When running velocities were adjusted for maximal O 2 uptake during a straight-line incremental protocol, the pulmonary VO 2 for shuttle running was higher than for straight running [14]. A recent study also showed that when comparing shuttle exercise over a 3.5-m and a 7.0-m course at the same average running velocities and for the same total distances covered, the 3.5-m shuttle exercise induces a greater physiological response [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…At the level of the individual participants, both linear and curved relationships between the EE of a COD and running velocity were observed. The energy cost of a COD may differ between individuals because of differences in COD technique, stature and training volume [14], [24]. It is possible that the energy cost of a COD performed by ball game players may be lower than that of players of other sports because ball game players perform CODs regularly, which may affect the results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A few previous studies have compared the physiological response to straight-line running with the response to shuttle running [12]–[15]. These studies showed that the inclusion of COD during submaximal [14] and high-intensity [13] running created a greater physiological demand (higher oxygen uptake [VO 2 ]), heart rate [HR] and blood lactate [La]) than forward running without CODs. Although the results of these previous studies suggest that running with 180°CODs is more physiologically demanding than straight running, it is not clear what the actual energy cost of a COD is.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Relationship between Running Velocity and the Energy Cost of Turning during Running

et al. 2014

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Ball game players frequently perform changes of direction (CODs) while running; however, there has been little research on the physiological impact of CODs. In particular, the effect of running velocity on the physiological and energy demands of CODs while running has not been clearly determined. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between running velocity and the energy cost of a 180°COD and to quantify the energy cost of a 180°COD. Nine male university students (aged 18–22 years) participated in the study. Five shuttle trials were performed in which the subjects were required to run at different velocities (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 km/h). Each trial consisted of four stages with different turn frequencies (13, 18, 24 and 30 per minute), and each stage lasted 3 minutes. Oxygen consumption was measured during the trial. The energy cost of a COD significantly increased with running velocity (except between 7 and 8 km/h, p = 0.110). The relationship between running velocity and the energy cost of a 180°COD is best represented by a quadratic function (y = −0.012+0.066x +0.008x2, [r = 0.994, p = 0.001]), but is also well represented by a linear (y = −0.228+0.152x, [r = 0.991, p<0.001]). These data suggest that even low running velocities have relatively high physiological demands if the COD frequency increases, and that running velocities affect the physiological demands of CODs. These results also showed that the energy expenditure of COD can be evaluated using only two data points. These results may be useful for estimating the energy expenditure of players during a match and designing shuttle exercise training programs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Relationship between Running Velocity and the Energy Cost of Turning during Running

et al. 2014

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“…Buglione and di Prampero (8) used a mixed ap proach to obtain the energy expenditure of shuttle running, combining aerobic measurements with anaerobic energy estimates, because the intensity of their exercise was above the anaerobic threshold. Other studies compared intermittent shuttle running to intermittent in-line running; however, because of relatively high intensities, an anaerobic contri bution was evident and the extra energy needed for accel erating, turning, and decelerating remained unclear (6,7,29). Hatamoto et al (13) studied the energy cost of continuous 180° turning on rather short distances (3-9 m) and low av erage speeds (4.3-5.4 km-h" 1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Measured and Estimated Energy Cost of Constant and Shuttle Running in Soccer Players

Stevens

Ruiter

Maurik

et al. 2015

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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Energy expenditure associated with walking speed and angle of turn in children

et al. 2018

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PurposeRecent studies have suggested that turning is power intensive. Given the sporadic and irregular movement patterns of children, such findings have important implications for the assessment of true energy expenditure associated with habitual physical activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of walking speed and angle, and their interaction, on the energy expenditure of healthy children.Methods20 children (10.1 ± 0.5 years; 10 boys) participated in the study. On two separate days, participants completed a turning protocol involving 3-min bouts of walking at one of the 16 speed (2.5, 3.5, 4.5, and 5.5 km h− 1) and angle (0°, 45°, 90°, and 180°) combinations, interspersed by 3 min seated rest. The movement involved 5 m straight walking interspaced with prescribed turns with speed dictated by a digital, auditory metronome. Breath-by-breath gas exchange was measured, in addition to tri-axial acceleration and magnetic field intensity recorded at 100 Hz.ResultsMixed models revealed a significant main effect for speed (p < 0.006) and angle (p < 0.006), with no significant interaction between speed and angle (p > 0.006). Significant differences to straight-line walking energy expenditure within speed were established for 3.5 and 5.5 km h− 1 for 180° turns (~ 13% and ~ 30% increase, respectively).ConclusionThese findings highlight the importance of accounting for the magnitude and frequency of turns completed when estimating children’s habitual physical activity and have significant implications for the assessment of daily energy expenditure.

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Assessing Running Economy During Field Running with Changes of Direction: Application to 20 m Shuttle Runs

Cited by 40 publications

References 31 publications

The Relationship between Running Velocity and the Energy Cost of Turning during Running

The Relationship between Running Velocity and the Energy Cost of Turning during Running

Measured and Estimated Energy Cost of Constant and Shuttle Running in Soccer Players

Energy expenditure associated with walking speed and angle of turn in children

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