“…Women who are stalked (McFarlane et al, 1999) and women who have left the batterer appear to be at increased risk for domestic homicide (Campbell et al, 2003;Campbell, Glass, Sharps, Laughton, & Bloom, 2007). Similarly, women who have been previously threatened or assaulted with firearms or weapons also are at increased risk (Block, 2004;Block & Christakos, 1995;Campbell et al, 2003;Jurik & Winn, 1990;Kozio-McLain et al, 2006;Strack, McLean, & Hawley, 2001;Thomas, Dichter, & Matejkowski, 2011). Furthermore, research indicates that proactive police responses, increased legal sanctions, and improved social services have resulted in fewer homicides of men (see Campbell et al, 2007).…”