Assessing psychological flexibility: Validation of the Open and Engaged State Questionnaire

Benoy, Charles; Knitter, Barbara; Knellwolf, Linda; Doering, Sabrina; Gloster, Andrew T.

doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.08.005

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…The variable social interaction read: "…how many social interactions did you have?" We assessed psychological flexibility with three items from the Open & Engaged State Questionnaire [14]: "What percent of the time…" "…did the way you deal with your feelings and emotions (e.g., stress, anxiety, depression) keep you from doing the things that are important to you? "; "…did you try to get rid of unwanted thoughts, emotions, and feelings?…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Response Styles Moderate the Relationship between Daily Stress and Social Interactions in Depression, Social Phobia, and Controls

Gloster¹,

Hoyer²,

Karekla³

et al. 2020

Psychother Psychosom

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Introduction: Stress and social isolation are potent predictors of negative health outcomes and are impacted in mood and anxiety disorders. Difficulties in social interactions have been particularly noted in people diagnosed with major depression disorder (MDD) and social phobia (SP). It remains poorly understood, however, how these variables interact on a moment-to-moment basis and which variables moderate this relationship. Psychological flexibility, or the ability to be open to experiences while maintaining engagement in valued activities, may help moderate the relationship between stress and social interaction. Objective: This study examined these variables in participants diagnosed with MDD and SP and compared them to a control group. Methods: Participants were diagnosed with a mental disorder (n = 118 MDD; n = 47 SP) or were in the control group consisting of participants without MDD or SP (n = 119). Using the event sampling methodology (ESM), participants were queried six times per day for 7 days about stress, social interactions, and emotional response (rigid vs. flexible). Results: Higher current stress levels were related to more social interactions. This relationship was even stronger in situations when response flexibility was increased, especially in the clinical groups. Conclusions: Data suggest that a healthy psychological process (flexible emotional responding) buffers the relationship between stress and social interactions. We discuss how these variables interact and whether these patterns may paradoxically contribute to the maintenance of psychopathology.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Response Styles Moderate the Relationship between Daily Stress and Social Interactions in Depression, Social Phobia, and Controls

Gloster¹,

Hoyer²,

Karekla³

et al. 2020

Psychother Psychosom

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…and Item 13 ( "… felt able to control the way you spend your time?") have been reported by many [102][103][104][105]. Therefore, in conjunction with Item 12 from the Perceived Stress subscale, the exclusion of these three items indicate that the four items that were removed in the original validation by Cohen [12] that led to the creation of the PSS-10 once again performed poorly in Australia.…”

Section: Problems With the Perceived Control Subscalementioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring stress in Australia: validation of the perceived stress scale (PSS-14) in a national sample

Santiago

Nielsen

Smithers

et al. 2020

Health Qual Life Outcomes

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Background: In Australia, the stress levels have increased over the years, impacting on the physical and mental health of the general population. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the PSS-14 in an Australian population. Methods: The PSS-14 was applied to a large national sample comprising 3857 Australians in the population-based cross-sectional study Australia's National Survey of Adult Oral Health 2004-2006. The psychometric properties analyzed with the Rasch model and Graphical Log-linear Rasch models were: model fit, item fit, local dependence, differential item functioning, unidimensionality, reliability, targeting and criterion validity. Results: The PSS-14 did not fit the pure RM (χ2 (55) = 3828.3, p = < 0.001) and the unidimensionality of the whole scale was rejected (p = < 0.001). The Perceived Stress (χ2 (27) = 1409.7, p = < 0.001) and Perceived Control (χ2 (27) = 713.4, p = < 0.001) subscales did not fit the pure RM. After the deletion of two items, the Perceived Stress subscale (χ2 (96) = 94.4, p = 0.440) fitted a GLLRM, while the Perceived Control scale (χ2 (55) = 62.50, p = 0.224) fitted a GLLRM after the exclusion of four misfitting items. Conclusions: The Perceived Stress subscale displayed adequate psychometric properties after the deletion of two items; however, the majority of problems centered around the Perceived Control subscale. The presence of differential item functioning among four items indicates that adjustment of total scores is required to avoid measurement bias. Recommendations for future applications in Australia are provided.

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“…In this area particularly, there has been an over reliance on a very few measures of psychological flexibility such as the AAQ-II, as has been pointed out by others ( Reeve, Tickle, & Moghaddam, 2018 ). New questionnaires hold promise (e.g., Benoy et al, 2017 , 2019 ) but functional analysis will very naturally lead to advances in this area by its emphasis on higher temporal density measurement over longer periods of time linked more closely to the details of particular human lives.…”

Section: The Covid-19 Challenge: Three Examplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process-based functional analysis can help behavioral science step up to novel challenges: COVID - 19 as an example

Hayes

Hofmann

Stanton

2020

Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science

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Historically speaking, the behavioral tradition advanced functional analysis as a method of applying existing principles to novel situations. In the more than half a century since that idea was advanced, functional analysis has either fallen into disuse, as in most of applied psychology, or has been used but modified to a point that is virtually inapplicable elsewhere, as in applied behavior analysis work with severe developmental disabilities. In this paper we argue that the current challenges with COVID-19 present an ideal time to reinvigorate functional analysis by combining it with the growing body of evidence on processes of change, organized under an extended evolutionary meta-model. This new form of process-based functional analysis takes advantage of the strengths of contextual behavioral science, while opening avenues of fruitful interaction with other wings of intervention and evolutionary science more generally. Using the psychological flexibility model as an example, we show how this approach solves the key problems of classical functional analysis and helps professionals deal with novel challenges such as those posed by COVID-19. Humanity is now facing an extraordinary and unexpected situation. Behavioral science needs to rise to that challenge in a way that provides both immediate practical value and greater assurance of long-term benefits for our understanding of human complexity more generally. Process-based functional analysis can be a vehicle to do just that.

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Assessing psychological flexibility: Validation of the Open and Engaged State Questionnaire

Cited by 27 publications

References 46 publications

How Response Styles Moderate the Relationship between Daily Stress and Social Interactions in Depression, Social Phobia, and Controls

How Response Styles Moderate the Relationship between Daily Stress and Social Interactions in Depression, Social Phobia, and Controls

Measuring stress in Australia: validation of the perceived stress scale (PSS-14) in a national sample

Process-based functional analysis can help behavioral science step up to novel challenges: COVID - 19 as an example

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