Assessing ocular bulbar redness: a comparison of methods

Abstract

Digital imaging processing, using relative Red-channel activity, was the least variable of the three techniques. The R-scan and IER showed similar intra-observer variability. The linear relationship between R-scan and Red-value suggests that the R-scan could be derived using similar methods.

Tissue resident memory T cells in the human conjunctiva and immune signatures in human dry eye disease

“…5A, Table 1). OR arises as a consequence of reactive dilation of conjunctival blood vessels (conjunctival hyperemia) and is a frequent response to diverse pathologic stimuli333435. When all controls and patients were considered, we detected a positive linear correlation between OR scores and conjunctival CD4 + T CM (r = 0.5; P  < 0.0001) and CD8 + T CM (r = 0.54; P  < 0.0001), and an inverse correlation with conjunctival CD8 + T EM (r = −0.4; P  = 0.0057) and T EMRA cells (r = −0.5; P  = 0.002) (Fig.…”

“…Using infrared monitoring of the tear film, the Oculus algorithm documents the time and site of tear film breakup34. NI-TBUT value <10 secs was considered indicative of dry eye disease symptoms.…”

“…We took a photo of the ocular surface under white light with the Oculus camera and analyzed by comparing with a standard grading system (JENVIS) ranging from 0 (no redness) to 4.0 (maximum). The analysis also provided separate measures of redness of the temporal and nasal conjunctiva3334. The following variables were used in the analysis: temporal bulbar OR, nasal bulbar OR, bulbar OR, limbal OR, total conjunctival OR.…”

Effects of LATISSE (bimatoprost 0.03 per cent topical solution) on the ocular surface

“…Ocular redness is typically evaluated subjectively using grading scales in clinical practice . The literature has demonstrated that objective methods are more precise than subjective ones for evaluating conjunctival redness and may be better suited for research, to limit inter‐observer variability . In an attempt to define conjunctival redness more objectively, a new method previously described to measure blood oxygenation in small retinal blood vessels, was adapted for this protocol, using a photochromameter, which measures luminance reflectivity from the tissue being evaluated as well as the chromaticity of the reflected light in x, y co‐ordinates using the CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram .…”

Vitamin D in Dry Eye and Myopia

“…The grading with the K5 is objective and stated to detect minor changes in redness (Downie et al, 2016). …”