Assessing Nitrate and Fluoride Contaminants in Drinking Water and Their Health Risk of Rural Residents Living in a Semiarid Region of Northwest China

Chen, Jie; Wu, Hao; Qian, Hui; Gao, Yanfang

doi:10.1007/s12403-016-0231-9

Cited by 356 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Almost 28% of the samples were above the upper limit of SO 4 2− (250 mg/L) for drinking water that recommended by WHO and Chinese standards. High level of SO 4 2− may cause a laxative effect on human system with the excessive Mg 2+ in drinking water [6]. Cl − is generally considered to be a conservative element in water and an indicator of contamination.…”

Section: Irrigation Water Quality Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phreatic Water Quality Assessment and Associated Hydrogeochemical Processes in an Irrigated Region Along the Upper Yellow River, Northwestern China

Liu

Zhao

Yang

et al. 2020

Water

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Groundwater resources are playing an increasingly vital role in water supply for domestic and irrigation purposes in the Yinchuan Plain, along with the reduction in water transfer from the Yellow River. This study aimed to identify the current status of phreatic water quality and associated hydrogeochemical processes in an irrigated region along the upper Yellow River. A total of 78 water samples were collected in September 2018 for chemical analysis. Results showed that the phreatic water was excellent or good in most areas west of the Yellow River, while it was poor or very poor quality in some places east of the Yellow River. The nitrate contamination is particularly severe in the pluvial-alluvial plain, relating to the localized fine-grained zone with low permeability. Most samples had no sodium hazard but had magnesium hazard. Additionally, the overall evolutionary trend of the phreatic water showed the transformation of Ca-Mg-HCO 3 into Na-Cl-SO 4 type. Rock weathering and evaporation jointly predominate the evolution of phreatic water chemistry. The main geochemical processes involve the dissolution/precipitation of gypsum, halite, dolomite. and calcite, along with the cation exchange. Insights from this work have important implications for groundwater sustainable management in such irrigated regions along the upper Yellow River.

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Section: Irrigation Water Quality Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phreatic Water Quality Assessment and Associated Hydrogeochemical Processes in an Irrigated Region Along the Upper Yellow River, Northwestern China

Liu

Zhao

Yang

et al. 2020

Water

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“…One of the important parameters utilized in the design of the adsorption process is the length of the unused bed (LUB). The maximum allowable limit of nitrate and phosphate in the drinking water is 10 mg L −1 and 0.1 mg L −1 , respectively [46,47]. The LUB values for the adsorption of nitrate and phosphate at different concentrations and flow (18)…”

Section: Fixed-bed Adsorption Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activated carbon produced from Glycyrrhiza glabra residue for the adsorption of nitrate and phosphate: batch and fixed-bed column studies

et al. 2020

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In the present study, Glycyrrhiza glabra residues (GGR) were used for the preparation of activated carbon, with a surface area of 959.22 m 2 g −1 . Activated carbon was prepared through chemical activation using ZnCl 2 at optimum carbonization temperature, and impregnation ratio for nitrate, and phosphate removal. The effect of contact time and adsorbent dosage on the removal efficiency was investigated, and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model correlated well with the adsorption data. The response surface methodology was applied for the determination of the effect of initial concentration, pH, and temperature and their interaction on the removal efficiency in the batch adsorption system. The Langmuir isotherm generated a satisfactory fit with the experimental data, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 142.5 mg g −1 at 308 K and 92.5 mg g −1 at 298 K for nitrate and phosphate removal, respectively. The high adsorption capacity reveals the applicability of the GGR activated carbon for nitrate and phosphate removal. Furthermore, the fixed-bed column adsorption studies were carried out, and the effect of flow rate and influent concentration on the behavior of the breakthrough curve was studied. The breakthrough time decreased by increasing the flow rate and inlet concentration. The Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models were suitable models for the design of GGR activated carbon fixed-bed column. The LUB of 0.44 cm and 4.35 cm was obtained for nitrate and phosphate with the inlet concentration of 20 mg L −1 and a flow rate of 40 mL min −1 , respectively. GGR is a new adsorbent that has not been previously utilized for adsorption of phosphate and nitrate.

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“…Recent reports advocate that more than 200 million people from the 25 nations in the world are under the threat of the fluorosis problem [5][6][7][8]. Typically, the endemic fluorosis is more severe in parts of China [9][10][11], Turkey [12], Korea [13], Mexico [14], India [8,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22], Africa [23], Syria, Jordan, Ethiopia, Sudan, Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda [24][25][26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The principal occurrence of fluoride in the groundwater is typically geogenic sources and also the contribution of anthropogenic (industries and agricultural fertilizers) sources is quite low [30][31][32] [10,[33][34][35][36]. Because of these mineral dissolutions in the groundwater through the various geochemical processes, the concentrations of fluoride may extremely increase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogeochemistry and fluoride contamination in the hard rock terrain of central Telangana, India: analyses of its spatial distribution and health risk

Adimalla

Qian

2019

SN Appl. Sci.

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Groundwater is the primary source for drinking uses in the hard rock terrain of central Telangana, India, where most of the people rely on it for daily uses. Therefore, this study was carried out to comprehend the fluoride contamination and its associated health risk assessment to local dwellers. For this study, 54 groundwater samples were collected from bore wells and hand pumps in the study region and were analysed for fluoride and other physicochemical parameters. The results indicated by statistical mean values of Na + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and K + are 182.14, 59.79, 23.90 and 3.74 mg/L, respectively, while HCO 3 2− , Cl − , SO 4 2− and NO 3 − are 236.1, 230.8, 167.7 and 81.9 mg/L, respectively. The fluoride concentration ranged from 0.8 to 4.2 mg/L, with a mean of 2.21 mg/L. Eighty-one percent of the groundwater samples exceeded the World Health Organization's water quality limit of 1.5 mg/L for fluoride. Piper trilinear diagram (PTD) signifies that groundwater quality in the study region is characterized by Na +-Cl − , Ca 2+-Mg 2+-Cl − and Na +-HCO 3 −-Cl − hydrochemical water types. Gibbs diagrams indicate that all the major ion chemistry of the groundwater in the study region is controlled by rockwater interactions, while evaporation plays a minor role. The health risk assessment results revealed that the associated hazard quotient (HQ) for the age range of 6 to 12 months within about 100% of the study area exceeded the acceptable HQ limits of 1. Furthermore, the HQ for age categories 6-11 years, 11-16 years and 16-18 years within 96.2, 68.5 and 50%, respectively, of the study locations were larger than 1. Results also indicate that age group 6 to 12 months was most prone to health risks in the study region. Therefore, in the study region, people should be taken necessary actions to abolish the groundwater contamination to protect the local dweller's health.

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Assessing Nitrate and Fluoride Contaminants in Drinking Water and Their Health Risk of Rural Residents Living in a Semiarid Region of Northwest China

Cited by 356 publications

References 33 publications

Phreatic Water Quality Assessment and Associated Hydrogeochemical Processes in an Irrigated Region Along the Upper Yellow River, Northwestern China

Phreatic Water Quality Assessment and Associated Hydrogeochemical Processes in an Irrigated Region Along the Upper Yellow River, Northwestern China

Activated carbon produced from Glycyrrhiza glabra residue for the adsorption of nitrate and phosphate: batch and fixed-bed column studies

Hydrogeochemistry and fluoride contamination in the hard rock terrain of central Telangana, India: analyses of its spatial distribution and health risk

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