Assessing Engagement during Rescue Operation Simulated in Virtual Reality: A Psychophysiological Study

Abstract

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Perceptions of the use of virtual reality games for chemical engineering education and professional training

“…VR technology provides the user with a safe 3D training/educational space where they can construct their knowledge through trial and error techniques that reflect real-life situations and events (Fällman, Backman, & Holmlund, 1999). With VR technology, it is possible to create real-life representations of events such as fire outbreaks that could be used to train firefighters, rescue operators or the general public on dealing with such catastrophic event within a safe, yet stressful setting (Ahmad, Sarlan, & Rauf, 2018, June;Czarnek, Strojny, Strojny, & Richter, 2019;Shi, Du, Ahn, & Ragan, 2019). VR technology offers the possibility of changing one's frame of reference, allowing the user to interact with the virtual scene from different perspectives in order to maximise in-depth understanding of the conceptual framework (Fällman et al, 1999).…”

Cardiac sympathetic activity during recovery as an indicator of sympathetic activity during task performance

“…As the main objective of this paper is an analysis of the recovery period, we do not report performance metrics or questionnaire scores. The data for these variables and all further details of the study procedure can be found in Czarnek and colleagues (2020).…”

“…In this paper, we use data from a study published elsewhere (Czarnek et al, 2020) that focuses on testing theoretical predictions related to effort mobilization during a task. In contrast, here we present an exploratory analysis of the cardiac indices of sympathetic activation in the recovery period.…”

Psychophysiology in Studying VR-Mediated Interactions: Panacea or a Trick? Valuable Applications, Limitations, and Future Directions

“…This trend was supported by Slater's (2004) heavy critique of the subjective measurement of presence, based on the inaccuracy of the declarative measurement on the one hand and the first attempts to use psychophysiological measurement in Virtual Environments (VE) on the other (Meehan et al, 2002;Hoyt et al, 2003). Recent studies show that psychophysiology may indeed be one of the ways of making VR-mediated interaction studies more objective by looking for physiological correlates of, e.g., engagement (Czarnek et al, 2020), social presence (Syrjämäki et al, 2020), or anxiety levels (Mühlberger et al, 2007;Crescentini et al, 2016).…”

“…Usually, VR developers aim to create environments that engage their users in the virtual world and consequently facilitate meaningful interactions and authentic communication in VE. Some of the researchers try to make use of physiology for creating engaging training simulators (e.g., Czarnek et al, 2020;Muñoz et al, 2020) and games (Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment; e.g., Liu et al, 2009;Chanel and Lopes, 2020).…”