Assessing delayed and acute toxicity of five formulated fungicides to <i>Osmia lignaria</i> Say and <i>Apis mellifera</i>

Ladurner, E.; Bosch, Jordi; Kemp, William P.; Maini, S.

doi:10.1051/apido:2005032

Cited by 106 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…While our study shows that bee toxicities based on honeybees can be predictive of field effects on wild bee communities, mechanistic understanding of pesticide risk to wild bee communities requires small-scale, manipulative toxicity tests on solitary bee species [27,63]. The few such studies on solitary bees reveal that some fungicides can be acutely and chronically toxic to solitary mason bees (Osmia lignaria Say) [25,64] and supports speciesspecific toxic thresholds among bees. Fungicides alone may have low toxicity, but they may interact with other pesticides or with 'inactive' ingredients, often included in spray formulations, to produce synergistically toxic effects [56,57].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Negative effects of pesticides on wild bee communities can be buffered by landscape context

et al. 2015

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Wild bee communities provide underappreciated but critical agricultural pollination services. Given predicted global shortages in pollination services, managing agroecosystems to support thriving wild bee communities is, therefore, central to ensuring sustainable food production. Benefits of natural (including semi-natural) habitat for wild bee abundance and diversity on farms are well documented. By contrast, few studies have examined toxicity of pesticides on wild bees, let alone effects of farm-level pesticide exposure on entire bee communities. Whether beneficial natural areas could mediate effects of harmful pesticides on wild bees is also unknown. Here, we assess the effect of conventional pesticide use on the wild bee community visiting apple (Malus domestica) within a gradient of percentage natural area in the landscape. Wild bee community abundance and species richness decreased linearly with increasing pesticide use in orchards one year after application; however, pesticide effects on wild bees were buffered by increasing proportion of natural habitat in the surrounding landscape. A significant contribution of fungicides to observed pesticide effects suggests deleterious properties of a class of pesticides that was, until recently, considered benign to bees. Our results demonstrate extended benefits of natural areas for wild pollinators and highlight the importance of considering the landscape context when weighing up the costs of pest management on crop pollination services.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Negative effects of pesticides on wild bee communities can be buffered by landscape context

et al. 2015

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“…Ladurner et al (2005) demonstrated an effect of certain fungicides by directly applying these substances to O. lignaria. In addition, they observed effects of spraying on foraging and nesting behavior, but could not demonstrate an effect under caged conditions (Ladurner et al 2008).…”

Section: Dispersalmentioning

confidence: 99%

On managing the red mason bee (Osmia bicornis) in apple orchards

Gruber¹,

Eckel²,

Everaars³

et al. 2011

Apidologie

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-A worldwide decline of pollinator abundance is recorded and the worldwide pollination of insectpollinated crops has traditionally depended on a single species, the honeybee. The risks of relying on a single species are obvious. Other species have been developed for particular crops. Here we present an extension of the framework of Bosch and Kemp (2002) that deals on how to develop a bee species into a crop pollinator. We used nesting aids in different settings to address five important issues that are necessary for an effective management of a bee species in a commercial setting. Our study system was the red mason bee (Osmia bicornis) in apple orchards in eastern Germany, but our approach should be transferable to other settings. The first issue was to demonstrate that it is possible to increase population size of O. bicornis by providing nesting aids. Second, we present how someone can study landscape features that promote the occurrence and abundance of O. bicornis. Further, we studied the dispersal of the species inside the orchard, and could demonstrate that bees prefer to disperse along lines of trees. Finally, we studied the effect of nesting substrate and type of farming on the recruitment of bees. We found a close relationship between the length of nesting tubes and achieved sex ratio and a negative effect of conventional farming on the number of nests built. We conclude with recommendations on how our findings can be used to optimize the management of O. bicornis in apple orchards.solitary bees / pollination / yield increase / management / Apoidea

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“…Iprodione was found to be non-toxic to honeybees and Osmia lignaria (a solitary bee) after direct contact and oral exposure (Ladurner et al 2005). Fungicides may affect bees indirectly by reducing the populations of fungi that are beneficial to bees.…”

Section: Pesticidementioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide exposure of honeybees (Apis mellifera) pollinating melon crops

et al. 2015

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-The decline of honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) populations impacts global agricultural production and affects both food production and the economy. One of the probable causes for this decline is the indiscriminate use of pesticides. Here, we compare the levels of pesticide exposure among honeybees that are used to pollinate melon (Cucumis melo L.) crops, honeybees that forage in the forest, and stingless bees, Melipona subnitida , that forage in the forest. The level of pesticide exposure was determined by measuring residual pesticide levels of 152 compounds in the honey. Honey samples from the present study contained 19 different pesticides, 13 of which were present in honey from bees pollinating melon crops. The levels of some compounds were sufficiently high to promote toxic effects in the bees. Thus, crop pollination presents a toxicological risk to bees that may reduce their life span. environmental contamination / insecticides / acaricides / herbicides / fungicides / nematicides / multiresidue analysis

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Assessing delayed and acute toxicity of five formulated fungicides to Osmia lignaria Say and Apis mellifera

Cited by 106 publications

References 22 publications

Negative effects of pesticides on wild bee communities can be buffered by landscape context

Negative effects of pesticides on wild bee communities can be buffered by landscape context

On managing the red mason bee (Osmia bicornis) in apple orchards

Pesticide exposure of honeybees (Apis mellifera) pollinating melon crops

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