Assembly Pheromone(s) in the Soft Tick Argas persicus (Oken)

Leahy, M. G.; Vandehey, Robert C.; Galun, Rachel

doi:10.1038/246515a0

Cited by 36 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Vapours of these compounds presented in an air stream attract adults of this species, both individually and in binary blends (McMahon & Guerin, 2000a). Gustation is also known to mediate several aspects of tick biology, such as mating (de Bruyne & Guerin, 1998), feeding (Waladde et al, 1979) and aggregation (Leahy et al, 1973;Dusba´bek et al, 1991). Recently, Grenacher et al (2001) demonstrated that the arrestment behaviour in the sheep tick, Ixodes ricinus (Linnaeus), on its own faeces is mediated by gustatory receptor cells housed in terminal wall-pore sensilla on the first leg tarsus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro assays for repellents and deterrents for ticks: differing effects of products when tested with attractant or arrestment stimuli

McMahon

Kröber

Guérin

2003

Medical Vet Entomology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Most in vivo and in vitro tests with repellents or deterrents against ticks have not considered which sensory channel is being targeted. We have recorded the responses of two hard tick species (Acari: Ixodidae) in vitro to determine if such products can disrupt the perception of an attractant in a repellent assay or the perception of an arrestment stimulus in a deterrent assay. Ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate (EBAAP), N,N-diethyl-methyl-benzamide (deet), permethrin and indalone were chosen to test their capacity to inhibit the attraction of Amblyomma variegatum Fabricius to its aggregation-attachment pheromone. Vapours of each test product plus those from a synthetic blend of the pheromone were delivered to the walking tick in an air stream on a locomotion compensator. Neither EBAAP, deet, permethrin nor indalone could inhibit attraction of A. variegatum even when each of the test products was delivered at 10 6 times the pheromone. Indalone did decrease the attraction of A. variegatum to the pheromone and induced repulsion of A. variegatum when presented on its own in the air stream. The effect of permethrin, a sodium channel blocker, was also tested in a deterrent assay measuring the arrestment of Ixodes ricinus (L.) adults on its own faeces and faecal constituents. Permethrin deterred arrestment at doses of 670 fg/cm 2 to 67 ng/cm 2 , i.e. at levels five times lower than the dose of chemostimuli present in the arrestment stimulus. This sensitivity to permethrin suggests that it acts via the contact chemoreception channel.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro assays for repellents and deterrents for ticks: differing effects of products when tested with attractant or arrestment stimuli

McMahon

Kröber

Guérin

2003

Medical Vet Entomology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The clusters themselves form a microenvironment that may enhance survival (Allan and Sonenshine 2002). These pheromones are widespread in ticks, having been found in both hard ticks (Ixodidae) and soft ticks (Argasidae) (Leahy et al 1973, 1975, Gö the and Kraiss 1982, Neitz and Gö the 1984, Otieno et al 1985, Dusbàbek et al 1991a, b, Dobrotvorskii et al 1991, Grenacher et al 2001, Allan and Sonenshine 2002. Studies done on different tick species suggest that the primary components of the arrestment pheromone are purines, especially guanine.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Chemical Composition of Some Components of the Arrestment Pheromone of the Black-Legged Tick, <I>Ixodes scapularis</I> (Acari: Ixodidae) and Their Use in Tick Control

Sonenshine¹,

Adams

Allan

et al. 2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chemical analysis (high-performance liquid chromatography) and bioassay demonstrated the presence of compounds that seem to be components of the Ixodes scapularis arrestment pheromone. Only two purines, guanine and xanthine, were found in acidified saline extracts made from cast skins after molting of fed nymphs, fed larvae, and fecal/excretory exudates deposited by unfed adults on substrates in their environment. The ratio of guanine to xanthine was 10.6:1 in an extract from the nymphal skins versus 0.95:1 in an extract from the larval skins. Guanine, xanthine, and traces of a third purine, tentatively identified as 8-azaguanine, were found in extracts made from filter paper strips or washings from glass vials contaminated with tick feces and excreta left by unfed adults. 8-azaguanine may be a product of microbial degradation of the other purines rather than a natural product from the ticks. Low concentrations of ammonia also were detected in saline extracts of excreta from feeding ticks. Hematin also was found in NH4OH extracts of the black fecal/excretory exudates deposited by the unfed ticks. Hematin was tentatively identified by comparison of spectra with that of the authentic standard. Bioassays demonstrated a strong positive arrestment response to cast skins found to contain a mixture of guanine and xanthine and to black fecal/excretory exudates containing guanine, xanthine, the putative 8-azaguanine, and hematin. A Noldus video tracking system using a CCD video camera and Ethovision Pro tracking software showed statistically significant increases in the frequency of visits to the treated zone versus the control. Ticks were significantly more likely to assemble in response to the tick exudates within as little as 3 h compared with the controls. Previous bioassay studies also showed strong positive responses to guanine, xanthine, other purines, and hematin. Comparisons with the arrestment pheromones of other tick species are described. The inclusion of the pheromone components in a permethrin-impregnated oily matrix, Last Call, increased the lethal activity of the product to 95% compared with only 65% in the formulation with permethrin alone. More detailed knowledge of I. scapularis arrestment pheromone may be useful for improving the efficacy of this tick-killing technology even further.

show abstract

“…The role of a species' own excretory products serving as an aggregation cue has been documented for haematophagous arthropods such as the human body louse (Wigglesworth 1941;Mumcuoglu et al 1986), soft ticks (Leahy et al 1973;Otieno et al 1985;DusbaÂ bek et al 1991), and hard ticks (Leahy et al 1983;Otieno et al 1985), and the honey-bee ectoparasite Varroa jacobsoni (DonzeÂ and Guerin 1994) as well as for the¯our mite Acarus siro (Levinson et al 1991b), the cockroach (Roth and Cohen 1973;Sakuma and Fukami 1991), and boll weevils (Mitchell et al 1975). A series of nitrogencontaining volatiles isolated in vapours over faecalpapers from Triatoma spp.…”

Section: Signi®cance Of Ammonia For Triatominesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia attracts the haematophagous bug Triatoma infestans : behavioural and neurophysiological data on nymphs

Taneja

Guérin

1997

Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Sensory, Neural, and Behav

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

1) Nymphs of the haematophagous bug Triatoma infestans (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) are attracted to volatiles from their own faeces on a servosphere. 2) Biological substrates attractive to triatomines release NH 3 : wetted triatomine faecal papers release NH 3 at 256 ppb NH 3 from a 60-g source and stale rabbit urine at 394 ppb from 200 ml. Ammonia released from aqueous NH 3 also attracts bugs at doses of 3 ppb and 17 ppb on the servosphere. 3) Bugs typically show negative anemotaxis in a stimulus-free air-stream on the servosphere. At onset of stimulation with ammonia from either biological substrates or aqueous NH 3 the bugs stop, move their antennae, turn and walk upwind, i.e. odour-mediated anemotaxis. 4) At lower NH 3 doses a latency in attraction is recorded, but this latency disappears when the relative humidity of the stimulus delivery air-stream is dropped from 90 to 35%. 5) Electrophysiological recordings from single olfactory sensilla on antennae of Triatoma nymphs reveal two dierent types of NH 3 -excited receptors, both within grooved-peg sensilla. The responses of one of these receptor cells to NH 3 has been studied in detail and shows that the action potential discharge rate is dosedependent over the range 2±200 ppb. 6) The amplitudes of electroantennograms recorded from Triatoma nymphs to NH 3 are dose dependent over the range 5±550 ppb.

show abstract

Assembly Pheromone(s) in the Soft Tick Argas persicus (Oken)

Cited by 36 publications

References 4 publications

In vitro assays for repellents and deterrents for ticks: differing effects of products when tested with attractant or arrestment stimuli

In vitro assays for repellents and deterrents for ticks: differing effects of products when tested with attractant or arrestment stimuli

Chemical Composition of Some Components of the Arrestment Pheromone of the Black-Legged Tick, <I>Ixodes scapularis</I> (Acari: Ixodidae) and Their Use in Tick Control

Ammonia attracts the haematophagous bug Triatoma infestans : behavioural and neurophysiological data on nymphs

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About