Assembly of Advanced Materials into 3D Functional Structures by Methods Inspired by Origami and Kirigami: A Review

Abstract

expand the range of accessible 3D geometries. [5-8] Due to their shape-adaptive nature, origami and kirigami, originally applied only to paper, can serve as routes to large-scale structural systems that require packaging and deployment, such as foldable solar panels, [9,10] retractable roofs, [11] deployable sunshields, [12] and many others. [13] More recent work demonstrates that these and related methods for assembling planar materials into complex 3D structures can exploit sophisticated 2D fabrication technologies and thin film materials from the electronics/optoelectronics industries, to yield functional systems in 3D designs that were previously unachievable. [14-18] In this way, the techniques of origami/kirigami can enable many classes of nontraditional devices not only at the macroscale but also at the micro/ nanoscale, with the potential to open up opportunities for unusual engineering designs in microsystems technologies. [19-22] Much research in origami/kirigami assembly aims to extend the range of length scales and the scope of functional materials that can be realized in 3D systems, and to transfer those ideas and Origami and kirigami, the ancient techniques for making paper works of art, also provide inspiration for routes to structural platforms in engineering applications, including foldable solar panels, retractable roofs, deployable sunshields, and many others. Recent work demonstrates the utility of the methods of origami/kirigami and conceptually related schemes in cutting, folding, and buckling in the construction of devices for emerging classes of technologies, with examples in mechanical/optical metamaterials, stretchable/ conformable electronics, micro/nanoscale biosensors, and large-amplitude actuators. Specific notable progress is in the deployment of functional materials such as single-crystal silicon, shape memory polymers, energy-storage materials, and graphene into elaborate 3D micro and nanoscale architectures. This review highlights some of the most important developments in this field, with a focus on routes to assembly that apply across a range of length scales and with advanced materials of relevance to practical applications. Hall of Fame Article The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under

Architected Origami Materials: How Folding Creates Sophisticated Mechanical Properties

“…It should also be able to effectively assemble a large number of folded origami sheets or modules together when necessary. It is worth noting that there is a large number of literatures on advanced fabrication via folding, and interested readers can refer to the reviews by Shenoy and Gracias, Xin Ning et al, and Yihui et al for more information. The following subsections briefly highlight two fabrication strategies that have been shown capable of producing the desired periodic tessellation of both mountain and valley creases.…”

“…Therefore, the architected origami materials is a transformative topic that can lead to the next evolution in mechanical metamaterials and applied origami, and many relevant literatures have been published recently. There are several excellent review papers in origami, however, they focused on the design, kinematics, self‐folding, fabrication, and specific applications like robotics . There is a need to specifically report the recent progress in architected origami materials and the mechanics of folding.…”

Design, Performance, and Application of Thermoelectric Nanogenerators

“…The kirigami‐inspired method plays an important role in flexible design and fabrication, which expands the application fields of flexible devices . Through an electrostatic recognition–assisted self‐assembly process, researchers fabricated highly conductive and freestanding PEDOT:PSS nanosheets with excellent flexibility and high electrical conductivity of 1216 S cm −1 , which is much larger than that of other reported 2D polymer films .…”

Kirigami‐Design‐Enabled Hydrogel Multimorphs with Application as a Multistate Switch

“…[ 23 ] To address this issue, an effective strategy is introducing cuts to disrupt the continuity, namely the kirigami approach. [ 27–30 ] For instance, kirigami structure was created in shape‐memory organohydrogel sheets to form highly complex configurations. Transformations between distinct configurations, which are not multistable, could be realized by multistep shape memorization complemented with an external force.…”