Assay, Purification, and Partial Characterization of Choline Monooxygenase from Spinach

Burnet, Michael; Lafontaine, Pierre; Hanson, Andrew D.

doi:10.1104/pp.108.2.581

Cited by 77 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The quaternary structure of CMO is not clear. Spinach CMO might be a homodimer consisting of subunits around 43 kDa, but the possibility of additional subunits cannot be ruled out [7], [8]. Although the deduced amino acid sequence of A. tricolor CMO cDNA is similar to that of spinach in molecular weight, its subunit weighed less than spinach CMO subunit from this study (Fig 5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Spinach CMO is a stromal, Fd-dependent monooxygenase with a Rieske-type [2Fe-2S] center [7], and is completely different from the bacterial choline dehydrogenase and oxidase enzymes. CMO was assumed to be unique among plant oxygenases [6], [8]. The second step of GB synthesis is mediated by betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) [1], which has been well documented in amaranth [2], [9] and other plants [10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isolation of a choline monooxygenase cDNA clone from Amaranthus tricolor and its expressions under stress conditions

Meng

Zhang

et al. 2001

Cell Res

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Plants synthesize the osmoprotectant glycine betaine (GB) via choline betaine aldehyde glycine betaine [1]. Two enzymes are involved in the pathway, choline monooxygenase (CMO) and betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH). A full length CMO cDNA (1,643bp) was cloned from Amaranthus tricolor. The open reading frame encoded a 442-amino acid polypeptide, which showed 69% identity with CMOs in Spinacia oleracea L. and Beta vulgaris L. DNA gel blot analysis indicated the presence of one copy of CMO gene in the A. tricolor genome. The expressions of CMO and BADH proteins in A.tricolor leaves significantly increased under salinization, drought and heat stress (42 o C), as determined by immunoblot analysis, but did not respond to cold stress (4 o C), or exogenous ABA application. The increase of GB content in leaves was parallel to CMO and BADH contents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of a choline monooxygenase cDNA clone from Amaranthus tricolor and its expressions under stress conditions

Meng

Zhang

et al. 2001

Cell Res

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“…Compatible osmolytes include sugars, proline and quaternary ammonium compounds. Glycinebtaine,an important quaternary ammonium compound is considered to be one of the most predominant and most effective osmoprotectant (Burnet, et al, 1995). It is commonly recognized as the only solute accumulated in higher plants submitted to osmotic stress, which satisfies all other solute requirements (Gorham, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of water stress and exogenous glycinebetaine on sunflower achene weight and oil percentage

Iqbal

Ashraf

2005

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The study was carried out to assess whether exogenously applied glycinebtaine has any role in reducing the adverse effects of water stress on sunflower achene yield and oil contents. Two sunflower lines, Gulshan-98 and Suncross were subjected to water stress at the vegetative and reproductive stages of plant growth. Three levels of glycinebtaine (0, 50 and 100 mM) were applied before sowing (seed treatment) and at the time of initiation of stress at the vegetative and reproductive stages. A marked adverse effect of water stress on 100-achene weight and achene oil contents were observed in both sunflower lines. Exogenous supply of glycinebtaine was not effective in alleviating the adverse effects of water stress on achene oil percentage. Foliar spray of glycinebtaine, however, significantly reduced the negative effects of water stress on achene weight. Seed treatment with either level of glycinebtaine was not effective in increasing the 100-achene weight and achene oil percentage under both normally irrigated and water stress conditions. The sunflower line, Suncross produced higher oil yield than that of Gulshan-98.

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“…Glycinebetaine is synthesized in higher plants by oxidation of choline to betaine aldehyde and then to glycinebetaine. The enzyme that catalyzes the first step is choline monooxygenase (CMO), which has been recently purified and characterized (Burnet et aL, 1995). The final step is catalyzed by betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH), which has been well characterized (Arakawa et al, 1987(Arakawa et al, , 1990(Arakawa et al, , 1992Weigel et aL, 1986;Hanson, 1988, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of a betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase gene in rice, a glycinebetaine nonaccumulator, and possible localization of its protein in peroxisomes

Yokota²,

et al. 1997

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SummaryBetaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) catalyzes the last step in the plant biosynthetic pathway that leads to glycinebetaine. Rice plants (Oryza sativa L.}, albeit considered a typical non-glycinebetaine accumulating species, have been found to express this enzyme at low levels. This observation evokes an interest in phylogenic evolution of the enzyme in the plant kingdom. It is reported here that rice plants possess the ability to take up exogenously added betaine aldehyde through the roots and convert it to glycinebetaine, resulting in an enhanced salttolerance of the plants. A gene encoding a putative BADH from the rice genome was also cloned and sequenced. The gene was found to contain 14 introns, and the overall nucleotide sequence of the coding region is c. 78% identical to that of the barley BADH cDNA. Cloning of a partial BADH cDNA from rice was accomplished by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The nucleotide sequence of the cloned fragment was found to be identical to the corresponding exon regions of the rice genomic BADH gene. The deduced amino acid sequences of rice and barley BADH both contain a C-terminal tripeptide SKL, a signal known to target preproteins to microbodies. This localization was confirmed by an immuno-gold labeling study of transgenic tobacco harboring barley cDNA, which showed BADH protein inside peroxisomes. Northern blot analysis revealed that the level of BADH mRNA is salt-inducible.

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Assay, Purification, and Partial Characterization of Choline Monooxygenase from Spinach

Cited by 77 publications

References 29 publications

Isolation of a choline monooxygenase cDNA clone from Amaranthus tricolor and its expressions under stress conditions

Isolation of a choline monooxygenase cDNA clone from Amaranthus tricolor and its expressions under stress conditions

Influence of water stress and exogenous glycinebetaine on sunflower achene weight and oil percentage

Expression of a betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase gene in rice, a glycinebetaine nonaccumulator, and possible localization of its protein in peroxisomes

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