“…The learner model is an essential component of personalized learning systems. It contains personalization parameters that define the characteristics and needs of learners, such as interests, preferences, and levels of knowledge, goals, tasks, backgrounds, learning performances, learning styles, aptitudes and environments, as well as other useful features (Aljohany et al 2018). In order to achieve the personalization of elearning courses, learning systems use different personalization parameters.…”