Asphalt-related emissions are a major missing nontraditional source of secondary organic aerosol precursors

Khare, Peeyush; Machesky, Jo; Soto, Rodrigo; He, Megan; Presto, Albert A.; Gentner, Drew R.

doi:10.1126/sciadv.abb9785

Cited by 131 publications

(186 citation statements)

References 72 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

172

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…There is also a well-defined group from C20 to C26 alkanes with a smooth diurnal variability and daily maximum concentration in the late afternoon (Fig. 10), consistent with a petroleum-based evaporative source such as asphalt (Khare et al, 2020). The afternoon peaks in concentration result in a clear anti-correlation with the rest of the alkanes in Fig.…”

Section: Measurements Of Ambient Airmentioning

confidence: 68%

Development of an In Situ Dual-Channel Thermal Desorption Gas Chromatography Instrument for Consistent Quantification of Volatile, Intermediate Volatility and Semivolatile Organic Compounds

Wernis¹,

Kreisberg²,

Weber³

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Aerosols are a source of great uncertainty in radiative forcing predictions and have poorly understood health impacts. Most aerosol mass is formed in the atmosphere from reactive gas phase organic precursors, forming secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) (effective saturation concentration, C*, of 10−1–103 μg m−3) comprise a large fraction of organic aerosol, while intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOCs) (C* of 103–106 μg m−3) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (C* ≥ 106 μg m−3) are gas phase precursors to SOA and ozone. The Comprehensive Thermal Desorption Aerosol Gas Chromatograph (cTAG) is the first single instrument simultaneously quantitative for a broad range of compound-specific VOCs, IVOCs and SVOCs. cTAG is a two-channel instrument which measures concentrations of C5–C16 alkane equivalent volatility VOCs and IVOCs on one channel and C14–C32 SVOCs on the other coupled to a single High Resolution Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer, achieving consistent quantification across 15 orders of magnitude of vapor pressure. cTAG obtains concentrations hourly and gas–particle partitioning for SVOCs bihourly, enabling observation of the evolution of these species through oxidation and partitioning into the particle phase. Online derivatization for the SVOC channel enables detection of more polar and oxidized species. In this work we present design details and data evaluating key parameters of instrument performance such as I/VOC collector design optimization, linearity and reproducibility of calibration curves obtained using a custom liquid evaporation system for I/VOCs and the effect of an ozone removal filter on instrument performance. Example timelines of precursors with secondary products are shown and analysis of a subset of compounds detectable by cTAG demonstrates some of the analytical possibilities with this instrument.

show abstract

Section: Measurements Of Ambient Airmentioning

confidence: 68%

Development of an In Situ Dual-Channel Thermal Desorption Gas Chromatography Instrument for Consistent Quantification of Volatile, Intermediate Volatility and Semivolatile Organic Compounds

Wernis¹,

Kreisberg²,

Weber³

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As this data become available, models can be improved to represent SOA formation from oxygenated precursors and S/IVOCs emitted from VCPs. In addition, the correlation between SOA concentration bias and temperature suggests residual model error is associated with missing sources of S/IVOC emissions, including emissions from asphalt (Khare et al, 2020), combustion sources, and other S/IVOCs that have large potential to form SOA. The formaldehyde bias demonstrates a similar relationship to temperature as SOA bias, implying that formaldehyde can serve as a representative tracer of VOC chemistry to investigate the formation of SOA from VCPs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because S/IVOCs have been shown to be a major constituent of modeled SOA and contribute to the correlation between SOA bias and temperature, other sources of S/IVOCs emissions may account for some of the remaining residual SOA bias in the model. For example, asphalt emissions are proposed to contribute 8-30% of total S/IVOC emissions in the South Coast Air Basin in Southern California and have SOA mass yields exceeding 10% (Khare et al, 2020). Their potential to form SOA is very large, and because asphalt emissions are highly temperature-dependent, the SOA increase would be seen largely during midday resulting in an improvement of high-temperature SOA bias.…”

Section: Features Of Remaining Model Biasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling secondary organic aerosol formation from volatile chemical products

Pennington

Seltzer

Murphy

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Volatile chemical products (VCPs) are commonly-used consumer and industrial items that are an important source of anthropogenic emissions. Organic compounds from VCPs evaporate on atmospherically relevant time scales and include many species that are secondary organic aerosol (SOA) precursors. However, the chemistry leading to SOA, particularly that of intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOCs), has not been fully represented in regional-scale models such as the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model, which tend to underpredict SOA concentrations in urban areas. Here we develop a model to represent SOA formation from VCP emissions. The model incorporates a new VCP emissions inventory and employs three new classes of emissions: siloxanes, oxygenated IVOCs, and nonoxygenated IVOCs. VCPs are estimated to produce 1.67 μg m−3 of noontime SOA, doubling the current model predictions and reducing the SOA mass concentration bias from −75 % to −58 % when compared to observations in Los Angeles in 2010. While oxygenated and nonoxygenated intermediate volatility VCP species are emitted in similar quantities, SOA formation is dominated by the nonoxygenated IVOCs. Formaldehyde and SOA show similar relationships to temperature and bias signatures indicating common sources and/or chemistry. This work suggests that VCPs contribute up to half of anthropogenic SOA in Los Angeles and models must better represent SOA precursors from VCPs to predict the urban enhancement of SOA.

show abstract

“…There may be significant variation in paint emissions rate and composition across manufacturers that we did not capture here. Since our results suggest that emissions and SOA formation are dominated by paints that are often used outdoors, the role of sunlight-driven changes in emissions 51 should be considered in future studies.…”

Section: Implications For Soa Formationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Watching Paint Dry: I/VOC Emissions from Architectural Coatings and their Impact on SOA Formation

Tanzer-Gruener

Dugan

Bier

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Emissions from volatile chemical products (VCPs) are emerging as a major source of anthropogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) precursors. Paints and coatings are an important class of VCPs that emit both volatile and intermediate volatility organic compounds (VOCs and IVOCs). In this study, we directly measured I/VOC emissions from representative water-based (latex) and oil paints used in the U.S. Paint I/VOC emissions vary over several orders of magnitude by both solvent and gloss level. Oil paint had the highest emissions (>10 5 g/g-paint)whereas low-gloss interior paints (Flat, Satin, and Semigloss) all emitted ~10 2 g/g-paint.Emissions from interior paints are dominated by VOCs, whereas exterior-use paints emitted a larger fraction of IVOCs. Extended emissions tests showed that most I/VOC emissions occur within 12-24 hours after paint application, though some IVOC-dominated paints continue to emit for 48 hours or more. We used the emissions measurements to estimate paint I/VOC emissions and subsequent SOA production in the U.S. Total annual paint I/VOC emissions are 168 +/-15 Mg. This amounts to 291 g/kg of paint used and 0.51 kg/person, which are significantly larger than comparable emissions factors from combustion systems. These emissions contribute to the formation of 8 Mg of SOA annually. Oil paints contribute ~90% of the I/VOC emissions and SOA formation, even though it only accounts for ~20% of paint usage. SynopsisWe find that paints are a major source of organic vapor emissions. Atmospheric oxidation of these paint vapors is an important source of particulate matter.

show abstract

Asphalt-related emissions are a major missing nontraditional source of secondary organic aerosol precursors

Cited by 131 publications

References 72 publications

Development of an In Situ Dual-Channel Thermal Desorption Gas Chromatography Instrument for Consistent Quantification of Volatile, Intermediate Volatility and Semivolatile Organic Compounds

Development of an In Situ Dual-Channel Thermal Desorption Gas Chromatography Instrument for Consistent Quantification of Volatile, Intermediate Volatility and Semivolatile Organic Compounds

Modeling secondary organic aerosol formation from volatile chemical products

Watching Paint Dry: I/VOC Emissions from Architectural Coatings and their Impact on SOA Formation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About