Aspergillus Terreus Kmbf1501 a Potential Pigment Producer Under Submerged Fermentation

Abstract

Objective: The present study was aimed to identify the fungal isolate from soil and to understand the different optimized parameters better to facilitate the pigment production that has high yield and stability.Methods: Aspergillus sp. was isolated from Western Ghats soil by the conventional serial dilution technique and assessed as a potential pigment producer. Different broth medium such as potato dextrose broth (PDB), czapek-dox broth (CDB), malt extract broth (MEB), rose bengal broth (RBB), sabouraud dextrose broth (SDB), yeast malt extract broth (YEMB), pH (3-9), temperature (24, 27, 30, 33, 37 and 40 °C), carbon (lactose,glucose,sucrose, maltose, galactose and fructose) and nitrogen source (peptone, yeast extract, urea and inorganic nitrogen sources like potassium nitrate, ammonium chloride and sodium nitrate), mineral salts such as sodium dihydrogen phosphate (Na2H2Po4), magnesium sulphate (Mg2So4), calcium chloride (CaCl2), copper sulphate (Cu2So4), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2Po4) and manganese sulphate (Mn2So4) and inoculum age (2-7 d) of the medium related to high pigment production were analysed.Results: Aspergillus terreus KMBF1501 was identified by ribosomal DNA sequencing showing 99% similarity with other Aspergillus terreus and the accession number (KX113516) was assigned. The optimum culture conditions for pigment production by Aspergillus terreus KMBF1501 was achieved at pH 5 (0.563±0.012 nm), temperature of 27 °C (0.382±0.001 nm) with glucose (0.501±0.002 nm) as carbon source, peptone (2.147±0.004 nm) as nitrogen source, Mg2SO4 (0.401±0.001 nm) as mineral salt and 4 d (0.324±0.001 nm) of inoculum age in PDB (0.761±0.006 nm). Conclusion:Aspergillus terreus KMBF1501 produced maximum pigment when cultured in modified PDB than in common PDB medium. The high concentration of the pigment can be used for various industrial purposes.

Coloring Properties Assessment of Dyes Produced by MixedAspergillusandPaecilomyces

“…The dye color produced by the fungi was 187 A greyed-purple (Figure 1). Several studies of dyes produced by fungi reported that Aspergillus niger produced brown dyes [13]; yellow dyes were produced by A. terreus [14], A. calidoustus 4BV13 [15], A. versicolor [16] and Aspergillus sp. [17]; Aspergillus sp.…”

Fungal Pigments and Their Prospects in Different Industries

“…Erythroglaucin (red), physcion (yellow), catenarin (red), rubrocristin (red) [25] Aspergillus fumigatus Melanin (dark brown-black) [25,111] Aspergillus falconensis, Aspergillus fruticulosus Aspergillus nidulans Ascoquinone A (red), norsolorinic acid, sterigmatocystin (yellow), melanin (dark brown-black) [25,112,113] Aspergillus niger Flavioline (orange-red), N-naptho-γ-pyrones (yellow), aspergillin (black), azanigerones A-F, asperenone (yellow), melanin (dark brown-black) [25,61,110,114,115] Aspergillus nishimurae Anishidiol (yellow) [116] Aspergillus parvathecia, Aspergillus rugulosus, Aspergillus versicolor Sterigmatocystin (yellow) [25] Aspergillus purpureus Aspergillus sclerotioniger Uncharacterized (yellow) [61] Aspergillus sclerotiorum Neoaspergillic acid (yellow-green) [91] Aspergillus terreus Uncharacterized (yellow) [118] Aspergillus sp. Ferriaspergillin (red), ferrineoaspergillin (red) [119] Aspergillus sp.…”

“…Aspergillus nidulans was reported to produce ascoquinone A, norsolorinic acid, and melanin [25,112,113], whereas Aspergillus fumigatus was reported to produce melanin and melanin-like pigments [25,111]. In addition, a variety of other pigments such as asperenone, anishidiol, neoaspergillic acid, sterigmatocystin, and an uncharacterized yellow pigment have been discovered from Aspergillus nishimurae, Aspergillus awamori, Aspergillus sclerotiorum, Aspergillus versicolor, and Aspergillus terreus, respectively [25,91,110,116,118]. Many other species of Aspergillus such as Aspergillus glaucus, Aspergillus cristatus, and Aspergillus repens have been reported to produce a variety of hydroxyanthraquinone pigments, emodin, physcion, questin, erythroglaucin, catenarin, and rubrocristin; while Aspergillus melleus, Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus sulphureus, and Aspergillus westerdijkiae have been described to be major producers of polyketide-based pigments (rubrosulfin, viomellein, viopurpurin, and xanthomegnin) ( Figure 5a) [25].…”

Combination of culture and dyeing conditions on cloth color dyed with mixed fungi dyes

“…(CML 2969) (Souza et al, 2016). While potato dextrose broth produces the best yield of biomass and pigment production of Aspergillus terreus compared to other broth media (Akilandeswari and Pradeep, 2017). Soluble starch and peptone as C and N sources, respectively, were able to induce Penicillium sp.…”