Aspergillus fumigatus Copper Export Machinery and Reactive Oxygen Intermediate Defense Counter Host Copper-Mediated Oxidative Antimicrobial Offense

Contact killing and antimicrobial properties of copper

“…Wiemann et al . () reported that copper transporter proteins Ctr1 and copper‐ATPase export pumps play a major role in copper resistance of A. fumigatus (Wiemann et al . ) and Dietl et al .…”

TheAspergillus fumigatustranscription factor AceA is involved not only in Cu but also in Zn detoxification through regulating transporters CrpA and ZrcA

“…As shown in Figure , ΔAfaceA exhibited the significantly enhanced susceptibility to high Cu levels, whereas the AfaceA ‐complemented strain showed a similar colony phenotype to its wild‐type reference strain, indicating that AceA is responsible for tolerance of high levels of Cu in A. fumigatus . During the process of this study, this finding has been consistently reported, indicating that AceA is involved in high Cu metabolism in A. fumigatus (Wiemann et al, ); however, interestingly, we demonstrated that AfAceA was responsible not only for high Cu but also for high Zn tolerance because ΔAfaceA significantly enhanced susceptibility to excess Zn (Figure ). Notably, the A. fumigatus wild‐type reference strain was more tolerant to Zn levels than those of Cu; however, ΔAfaceA showed tolerance comparable with the wild‐type strain to other metal ions, including Cd, Fe, and Mn (Figure S3).…”

“…In addition, MTs have specific roles in yeasts, including S. cerevisiae , C. neoformans , and C. albicans (Beaudoin & Labbe, ; Ding et al, ; Riggle & Kumamoto, ; Solioz & Odermatt, ; Weissman et al, ). The 111 residues of predicted MT AfCrdA include multiple CXC motifs, which are involved in metal binding and widely present in the yeast MTs (Ding, Chen, Festa, Sun & Wang, 2014; Kamizono et al, ; Wiemann et al, ). Unexpectedly, the CrdA (also known as CmtA) deletion mutant does not exhibit a heavy metal ion tolerance phenotype (Antsotegi‐Uskola et al, ; Wiemann et al, ).…”

“…Hence, studies in S. cerevisiae have facilitated our understanding of the Cu detoxification machinery in human pathogenic fungi; however, knowledge of metal detoxification mechanisms in filamentous fungi is limited. Two recent studies demonstrated that the Cu responsive transcription factor, AceA, and a P‐type ATPase, CrpA, are required for tolerance of high Cu in both Aspergillus nidulans and A. fumigatus (Antsotegi‐Uskola, Markina‐Inarrairaegui, & Ugalde, ; Wiemann et al, ); however, the molecular characteristics of AceA have yet to be determined.…”

When green and red mycology meet: Impressions from an interdisciplinary forum on virulence mechanisms of phyto- and human-pathogenic fungi

“…Di Pietro (S) 31,32 Fungal spore components determine the interaction with immune cells A. Brakhage (S) 38 Regulatory networks of C. albicans morphogenesis are complex C. D'Enfert (S) 41 Experimental evolution reveals unexpected factors of fungal virulence S. Brunke (Y) 75,76 Candida albicans produces a toxic surprise: Candidalysin J. Naglik (S) 56 Coprinopsis cinerea produces potent fungal defense effectors M. K€ unzler (S) [59][60][61] The fungal cell wall acts as immunological & drug target N. Gow (S) 70 Copper detoxification supports A. fumigatus virulence N. Osherov (Po) 77 Note. a P: plenary lecture, S: session talk, Y: young researcher presentation, Po: poster plant pathogenic fungi and might reveal natural products that are active in either host, be it plant or human.…”