Aspergillus flavus NRRL 3251 Growth, Oxidative Status, and Aflatoxins Production Ability In Vitro under Different Illumination Regimes

Kovač, Tihomir; Šarkanj, Bojan; Crevar, Biljana; Kovač, Marija; Lončarić, Ante; Strelec, Ivica; Ezekiel, Chibundu N.; Sulyok, Michael; Krska, Rudolf

doi:10.3390/toxins10120528

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 53 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…AFs are by far the most intensively researched toxins due to their potent acute toxicity and chronic hepatocarcinogenic effects in various susceptible animal species. Although the liver is the primary target organ, under certain conditions, lung, kidney, and colon may be also affected [1,4,23]. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified aflatoxin B 1 and naturally occurring mixtures of aflatoxins as human carcinogens (group 1) [24].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxin Detection in Maize, Commercial Feed, and Raw Dairy Milk Samples from Assiut City, Egypt

Abdallah

Girgin

Baydar

2019

Veterinary Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This survey was conducted to investigate the contamination by multiple mycotoxins, aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2), ochratoxin A (OTA), and zearalenone (ZEA) in 61 samples of maize and 17 commercial animal feed samples, and of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in raw dairy milk samples (n = 20) collected from Assiut City in Upper Egypt. Multi-mycotoxin immunoaffinity columns were used for samples cleanup and mycotoxin purification. An HPLC–FLD system with an on-line post-column photochemical derivatization was used for the detection of the target toxins. AFB1 was detected in both maize (n = 15) and feed (n = 8), with only one maize sample presenting a concentration above the maximum permissible level set by the Egyptian authorities. AFB2 was observed in six maize samples and in one feed sample, with a maximum value of 0.5 μg/kg. ZEA was detected only in feed samples (n = 4), with a maximum value of 3.5 μg/kg, while OTA, AFG1, and AFG2 were under the limits of detection. For milk, all the analyzed samples (100%) were contaminated with AFM1, and 14 samples (70%) presented concentrations above the maximum permissible level in the European Union (EU) (0.05 μg/kg). The concentrations ranged from 0.02 μg/kg to 0.19 μg/kg, except that of one sample, which was under the limit of quantification. The contamination rates in maize and animal feeds are not alarming. In contrast, the consumption of dairy milk samples in Assiut City may pose public health hazards, as AFM1 levels were found to exceed the international permissible limits. Further surveys are highly recommended in order to establish a database for mycotoxin occurrence in Egypt to minimize the possible health risks in animals and humans.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxin Detection in Maize, Commercial Feed, and Raw Dairy Milk Samples from Assiut City, Egypt

Abdallah

Girgin

Baydar

2019

Veterinary Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The positive side of plastic packaging is that, due to its transparency, it allows ultraviolet (UV) light passage, followed by a small reduction of aflatoxins contamination [ 34 ]. On the other hand, visible light (VIS) could promote the growth of A. flavus and can trigger higher aflatoxin production [ 35 ]. Since fungal attack usually begins in the outer parts of the seed, mycotoxin contamination tends to be greater here than on the inside part.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Occurrence of Aflatoxins in Nuts and Dry Nuts Packed in Four Different Plastic Packaging from the Romanian Market

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by various fungi. A very important category of mycotoxins are aflatoxins, considered to be the most dangerous in humans. Aflatoxin B1, well known as a favorable factor in the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in humans, is the most controversial of all mycotoxins. Aflatoxins, found in naturally contaminated food, are resistant to degradation by heat. Current food processing practices and conventional storage conditions do not completely eliminate aflatoxin contamination from the food supply chain. Long storage food products—such as peanuts, pistachio, nuts in general, and dried fruits—are susceptible to aflatoxins contamination. The type of plastic material can influence the concentration of aflatoxins during storage due to the permeability to gas and moisture exchange with the external milieu. Nuts in general and dried fruits are consumed in large quantities worldwide. Therefore, herein we investigated the effect of plastic material on the total aflatoxins and aflatoxin B1 content in 64 samples of nuts and dried fruits packed and stored in low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The method consisted in a cleanup procedure using immunoaffinity columns coupled with RIDASCREEN FAST immunoenzymatic competitive assays based on the ELISA technique. Collected data were subjected to statistical analysis and multiple comparisons tests were applied. From the total analyzed samples, 14.06% exceeded the maximum admitted European levels for total aflatoxins. The highest concentrations of total aflatoxins were obtained from samples packed in LDPE, followed by PP, PE, and PET. Aflatoxin B1 was detected in all samples packed in LDPE, PP, and PE. Most of the samples packed in PET had concentrations <1 µg/kg. These results indicate that nuts in general packed and stored in LDPE are more prone to contamination with aflatoxins, while PET is more suitable for maintaining the quality and safety of these products.

show abstract

“…The harvest has to be planned during full ripeness of the crop during dry wheatear to avoid high humidity necessary for activation of the mycotoxin producing molds [1]. If crops are left in the field longer allowing them to overripe, the contact with insects and pest on the field is prolonged, the outer shell of crops is weakened, and environmental (wheatear) conditions affect them longer, creating better conditions for mycotoxin synthesis (due to longer exposure to daily light), and also for modifications of mycotoxins (binding to sugars, proteins and fats, or incorporating into starch) [1,20,21].…”

Section: Harvest Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxins in food – how to prevent and what to do when things go bad

Šarkanj

Shamtsyan

2020

E3S Web of Conf.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of microscopic moulds with pronounced toxic properties. Moulds infect products of plant and animal origin at any stage of their receipt, transportation and storage, in industrial and home conditions. Mycotoxins are more commonly found in plant foods. Their biosynthesis by fungi occurs during the ripening and harvesting period under unfavourable meteorological conditions and improper grain storage. Untimely harvesting or insufficient drying of the crop before storage, storage and transportation of products with insufficient protection against moisture leads to the multiplication of microorganisms and the formation of toxic substances in food products.

show abstract

Aspergillus flavus NRRL 3251 Growth, Oxidative Status, and Aflatoxins Production Ability In Vitro under Different Illumination Regimes

Cited by 13 publications

References 53 publications

Mycotoxin Detection in Maize, Commercial Feed, and Raw Dairy Milk Samples from Assiut City, Egypt

Mycotoxin Detection in Maize, Commercial Feed, and Raw Dairy Milk Samples from Assiut City, Egypt

The Occurrence of Aflatoxins in Nuts and Dry Nuts Packed in Four Different Plastic Packaging from the Romanian Market

Mycotoxins in food – how to prevent and what to do when things go bad

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About