Aspergillosis in Birds: An Overview of Treatment Options and Regimens

Krautwald‐Junghanns, Maria‐Elisabeth; Vorbrüggen, Susanne; Böhme, Julia

doi:10.1053/j.jepm.2015.06.012

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(35 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In the former, husbandry improvements such as decrease in stressors, better ventilation, and uncontaminated feed and environment are required. For individual birds, various treatments have been described ( Krautwald-Junghanns et al, 2015 ). In some cases, such as wild birds, their periodic capture, necessary for repeated administration of parenteral antimycotic drugs during long periods, may be impractical due to the resulting stress.…”

Section: Veterinary Infections Caused By Aspergillus mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Aspects of Veterinary and Human Aspergillosis

Elad

Segal

2018

Front. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The genus Aspergillus is composed of more than 300 species, a fraction of which are involved in animal or human infections mostly following environmental exposure. Various risk factors (i.e., immunosuppression, tuberculosis) have been recognized for human whereas for veterinary infections, unhygienic management, trauma, anatomical conformation of the skull, or suspected immunological deficiencies have been suggested. In animals, aspergillosis is mostly sporadic but in some circumstance such as infections on poultry farms may involve the whole flock. Since the high prevalence of immunosuppression in human patients has not been mirrored in veterinary medicine, and although to the best of our knowledge, no comprehensive data on the prevalence of aspergillosis in animals has been published, their epidemiology has not changed during the last decades. The impact of these infections may be economic or if they are incurable, sentimental. The objective of the first part is to describe the diagnosis of the main clinical entities caused by Aspergillus spp. in animals. It includes disseminated canine aspergillosis, canine and feline sino-nasal and sino-orbital aspergillosis, guttural pouch mycosis in horses, mycotic abortion in cattle, mycotic keratitis in horses, and avian aspergillosis. When pathogenesis and clinical aspects are relevant for diagnosis—they will be addressed as well. The second part deals with human aspergillosis, which is a multifaceted disease, manifested in a spectrum of clinical entities affecting one or more organs. Diagnosis is based on the clinical manifestation, supported and confirmed by laboratory means, involving the classical approach of demonstrating the etiological agent in the clinical specimens and in culture. Noncultural methods, such as antigen detection and/or molecular assays to detect fungal nucleic acids or protein profiles, are used as well. The isolation and identification of the fungus allows the determination of its susceptibility to antifungal drugs. Thus, antifungal susceptibility testing maybe considered as part of the diagnostic process, which is of relevance for management of the infection. In this review article, the part dealing with diagnostic aspects of aspergillosis in humans concentrates on susceptibility testing of Aspergillus spp. to antifungal drugs and drug combinations. The technologies and methods of susceptibility testing are described and evaluated.

show abstract

Section: Veterinary Infections Caused By Aspergillus mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Aspects of Veterinary and Human Aspergillosis

Elad

Segal

2018

Front. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Besides, treatment difficulties due to the limited tolerability and the high occurrence of side effects in treated birds (Krautwald‐Junghanns et al . ). The resistance of A. fumigatus to triazoles has emerged in several countries (Ahmad et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Regrettably, the antimycotic treatment of avian aspergillosis is occasionally difficult, as therapy regimens and dosage recommendations are often developed empirically or are based on case reports. Besides, treatment difficulties due to the limited tolerability and the high occurrence of side effects in treated birds (Krautwald-Junghanns et al 2015). The resistance of A. fumigatus to triazoles has emerged in several countries (Ahmad et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of carvacrol for control of avian aspergillosis in intratracheally challenged chickens in comparison to voriconazole with a reference on economic impact

Tartor

Hassan

2017

J Appl Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As such, it has been advocated that birds under stress, intensive care, or in prolonged antibiotic treatments are started on prophylactic antifungal treatment. Itraconazole is recognized as one of the most commonly used drugs in the prophylaxis and treatment of aspergillosis in birds (Beernaert et al., ; Deem, ; Keller, ; Krautwald‐Junghanns, Vorbrüggen, & Böhme, ; Orosz, ). Itraconazole is an azole (synthetic triazole) antifungal agent that is available in different formulations, including injectable, capsules, and oral solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although empirical dosages of itraconazole for different avian species are available, pharmacokinetic studies evidence that itraconazole dosages vary between different bird species and absorption fluctuates when using different itraconazole formulations (Bunting et al., ; Keller, ; Krautwald‐Junghanns et al., ). The objective of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of this new veterinary formulation of itraconazole in an avian species commonly found in zoos in order to provide more accurate guidelines for clinical dosages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population pharmacokinetics of itraconazole solution after a single oral administration in captive lesser flamingos (Phoeniconaias minor)

Sánchez

Zalesak

Pich

et al. 2018

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aspergillosis is an infectious, non‐contagious fungal disease of clinical importance in flamingo collections. Itraconazole is an antifungal drug commonly used in the treatment and prophylaxis of avian aspergillosis. Studies have shown that dosage regimes in birds vary based on different itraconazole presentation and administration methods. This investigation used a population pharmacokinetic approach to study itraconazole in lesser flamingos. Itraconazole was administered orally at 10 mg/kg to 17 flamingos. A sparse blood sampling was performed on the subjects, and samples were collected at 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 16, 21, and 24 hr post‐drug administration. Twelve flamingos were sampled three times, three birds bled twice and two sampled once. Itraconazole in plasma was quantified using high‐pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). A one‐compartment pharmacokinetic model with first order absorption was fitted to the data using nonlinear mixed effects modeling (NLME) to determine values for population parameters. We identified a long half‐life (T½) of more than 75 hr and a maximum plasma concentration (CMAX) of 1.69 µg/ml, which is above the minimal inhibitory concentrations for different aspergillus isolates. We concluded that plasma drug concentrations of itraconazole were maintained in a population of flamingos above 0.5 ug/ml for at least 24 hr after a single oral dose of 10 mg/kg of itraconazole solution.

show abstract

Aspergillosis in Birds: An Overview of Treatment Options and Regimens

Cited by 20 publications

References 44 publications

Diagnostic Aspects of Veterinary and Human Aspergillosis

Diagnostic Aspects of Veterinary and Human Aspergillosis

Assessment of carvacrol for control of avian aspergillosis in intratracheally challenged chickens in comparison to voriconazole with a reference on economic impact

Population pharmacokinetics of itraconazole solution after a single oral administration in captive lesser flamingos (Phoeniconaias minor)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About