Aspects of the High-Temperature Reduction of Manganese Ores by Coal

Predicted effect of ore composition on slag formation in manganese ore reduction

“…The rate-limiting effect of liquid slag formation in MnO reduction was also confirmed by work on reaction of composite pellets (consisting of manganese ore and coal), at a temperature of 1600uC: slag formation was found to be associated with slower reduction, and pellets that formed more slag (higherbasicity pellets) were found to give significantly lower reduction rates (Peretyagin and Pavlov, 2003).…”

“…It is clear from these previous studies on different ore types that the formation of liquid silicate in the reduced ore particle is associated with retardation of MnO reduction, in contrast with production of iron in bath smelters, where the slag phase supports rapid reduction of iron oxide. The rate-limiting effect of liquid slag formation in MnO reduction was also confirmed by work on reaction of composite pellets (consisting of manganese ore and coal), at a temperature of 1600°C: slag formation was found to be associated with slower reduction, and pellets that formed more slag (higher-basicity pellets) were found to give significantly lower reduction rates (Peretyagin and Pavlov, 2003).…”

study on the influence of Al2O3/SiO2 on the KINETICS in the prereduction zone during high carbon ferromanganese production using basic south african manganese ores

“…Silicates liquid phase was depicted during carbothermic reduction at 1200 °C using Wessels ore [8]. Higher basicity was found to be decreasing the reduction rate [9]. Although a number of investigations have been conducted, due to the behaviour associated with the chemical composition of the raw material, it remains important to investigate the rate of reduction depending on the fluxes that are used to adjust the basicity.…”

Extraction of manganese from iron rich MnO2 ores via selective sulfation roasting with SO2 followed by water leaching

“…Although this traditional method is considered to be highly efficient, it produces a great deal of smoke dust and SOx which are serious pollutants. Furthermore, this treatment is generally conducted at a roasting temperature over 850°C which results in intensive energy consumption (Peretyagin and Povlov, 2003). Other reductants reported in the literature for reducing manganese oxide ore include iron sulfide (pyrite) (Li et al, 2000), graphite (Welham, 2002), sulfur slag (AbouEl-Sherbini, 2002), CO (Zhang et al, 2010), CH 4 (Moradkhani et al, 2013), H 2 (Barner and Mantell, 1968;Paixfio et al, 1995) as well as carbohydrate (Cheng et al, 2009).…”