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The Ti-V-O system was studied experimentally from 700 • C to 1500 • C by high-temperature equilibration, quenching, scanning electron microscope and Energy-Dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy. The solubility of titanium in the slag is less than 3 mole % at 1500 • C and the vanadium solubility in the rutile phase reached a maximum of 7.8 mole % at 1400 • C. The thermodynamic evaluation was performed with FactSage 7.0. The solubility of vanadium in the rutile phase was developed within the framework of the compound energy formalism. The properties of the liquid phase were described with the quasichemical model. A set of self-consistent thermodynamic parameters was estimated well within acceptable limits. The calculated phase diagram of the Ti-V-O system in air is presented and compared to experimental observations and other phase diagram data from literature.

Stable operation of submerged-arc furnaces producing high-carbon ferromanganese (HCFeMn) and silicomanganese (SiMn) requires tapping of consistent amounts of liquid slag and metal. Minimal effort to initiate and sustain tapping at reasonable rates is desired, accommodating fluctuations in especially slag chemical composition and temperature. An analytical model is presented that estimates the tapping rate of the liquid slag-metal mixture as a function of taphole dimensions, coke bed particulate properties, and slag and metal physicochemical properties with dependencies on chemical composition and temperature. This model may be used to evaluate the sensitivity to fluctuations in these parameters, and to determine the influence of converting between HCFeMn and SiMn production. The model was applied to typical HCFeMn and SiMn process conditions, using modeled slag viscosities and densities. Tapping flow rates estimated were comparable to operational data and found to be dependent mostly on slag viscosity. Slag viscosities were generally lower for typical SiMn slags due to the higher temperature used for calculating viscosity. It was predicted that flow through the taphole would mostly develop into laminar flow, with the pressure drop predominantly over the coke bed. Flow rates were found to be more dependent on the taphole diameter than on the taphole length.

The Fe-V-O system in air was studied experimentally ranging from 700 • C to 1450 • C by high-temperature equilibration, quenching, scanning electron microscope and microprobe analysis. The thermodynamic evaluation was performed with FactSage 7.0. The solubility of V 2 O 5 (s) in Fe 2 O 3 (s) was described with the compound energy formalism. The properties of the liquid phase were described with both the quasichemical model and the associate species model. A set of self-consistent thermodynamic parameters were estimated within acceptable error limits. The calculated phase diagram of Fe-V-O in air is presented and compared to experimental observations and other literature data.