Aspects of the Ecology of Apple Leaf Rollers (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in the Okanagan Valley, British Columbia

Abstract

Populations of leaf rollers on apple can be influenced by the proximity of alternative host plants, notably rose, privet, and antelope bush, in part because larval dispersal is common. Indications are that leaf roller population increases caused by parasite decreases are ultimate consequences of pesticide treatments, so that reductions in spray programs will not necessarily cause potential leaf roller pests to become actual pests. The composition of the leaf roller fauna on apple m the Okanagan Valley becomes increasingly complex as the environmental water balance is changed by cultivation and irrigation. There are indications that heavy vehicular traffic can be harmful to leaf rollers and their parasites nearby.

SEX PHEROMONE OF THE EASTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE): OPTIMUM BLEND OF TRANS- AND CIS-11-TETRADECENAL

“…1). A. argyrospilus has a fairly wide host range, but is restricted to native trees and shrubs outside of orchards (Mayer and Beirne 1974). 1). A. argyrospilus has a fairly wide host range, but is restricted to native trees and shrubs outside of orchards (Mayer and Beirne 1974).…”

“…In cultivated areas, there would be relatively few sources of moths that could be attracted to traps within apple orchards. rosanus has a wide host range of both native and cultivated plants (Mayer and Beirne 1974) and it is probable that the traps attracted males from sources outside the orchard. These data indicate that the sex pheromones of A .…”

Larval performance of two leafroller species on known and potential hosts

“…A. rosana is reported to exploit a similarly wide range of hosts in Europe (Dickler, 1991). argyrospila have been observed feeding on 9 species of plants including apple, rose, and birch; larvae of A. rosana were observed feeding on 11 plant species including apple, rose, choke cherry, and hawthorne (Mayer & Beirne, 1974). argyrospila have been observed feeding on 9 species of plants including apple, rose, and birch; larvae of A. rosana were observed feeding on 11 plant species including apple, rose, choke cherry, and hawthorne (Mayer & Beirne, 1974).…”

Sexual Communication with Pheromones

“…For example, A. argyrospilus in New York seems to be more acutely tuned to the proportion of the Z9-14: Ac, in its blend than populations in British Columbia (Carde eta/., 1977). Although the number of tortricines on apple is similar in the two localities (Chapman and Lienk, 1971;Mayer and Beirne, 1974a, b), in New York a sibling species, A. mortuanus, competes for the same channel (Table 13.1). Most of the specificity of attraction comes from using different proportions of the ll-14:Ac's.…”