Aspects of high-performance and bio-acceptable magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical application

Abstract

This review covers extensively the synthesis & surface modification, characterization, and application of magnetic nanoparticles. For biomedical applications, consideration should be given to factors such as design strategies, the synthesis process, coating, and surface passivation. The synthesis method regulates post-synthetic change and specific applications in vitro and in vivo imaging/diagnosis and pharmacotherapy/administration. Special insights have been provided on biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity in a living system, which is imperative for their wider application in biology. These nanoparticles can be decorated with multiple contrast agents and thus can also be used as a probe for multi-mode imaging or double/triple imaging, for example, MRI-CT, MRI-PET. Similarly loading with different drug molecules/dye/fluorescent molecules and integration with other carriers have found application not only in locating these particles in vivo but simultaneously target drug delivery/hyperthermia inside the body. Studies are underway to collect the potential of these magnetically driven nanoparticles in various scientific fields such as particle interaction, heat conduction, imaging, and magnetism. Surely, this comprehensive data will help in the further development of advanced techniques for theranostics based on high-performance magnetic nanoparticles and will lead this research area in a new sustainable direction.

Innovative Gold/Cobalt Ferrite Nanocomposite: Physicochemical and Cytotoxicity Properties

“…Experimental absorption spectra (Figure 2a) for different concentrations of the composite had a characteristic localized surface plasmon resonance peak at the wavelength of 600 nm, decreasing with the nanoparticles concentration reduction. In comparison to the characteristic absorbance spectra for gold nanoparticles with a diameter less than 10 nm, the observed plasmonic resonance was broadened and red-shifted [27,51,52]. Broadening and red-shifting of plasmonic resonance can be explained by CFO and gold nanoparticles bonding, influencing the permittivity of gold nanoparticles' surroundings [31][32][33][34][35][36].…”

Hematobiochemical, Oxidative Stress, and Histopathological Mediated Toxicity Induced by Nickel Ferrite (NiFe2O4) Nanoparticles in Rabbits

“…Due to the widespread use of nanoparticles in biomedical and biological sciences, the studies have been focused on the monitoring of deleterious impacts of nanoparticles both on the environment and public health [48,49]. Due to their various magnetic properties like biodegradability and biocompatibility, NFNPs play a crucial and important role in treatment therapy in a variety of biomedical fields such as treatment of cancer, cellular therapy, and tissue repairing [9]. Hence, this study was designed to determine possible adverse effects on the blood, serum biochemistry, and various visceral tissues of rabbits.…”

“…Among the different types of NPs, ferrite NPs are extensively used as catalysts in various biological reactions, targeted drug delivery, oncological treatments, and targeted therapy and in the storage of small and big data storage devices, sensors, and magnetic-based drug administration [6][7][8]. Previously, studies indicated that ferrite NPs are used as a diagnostic tool for high saturation magnetization, tissue relaxivity, clarity, and exact localization of these particles in the target tissue [9][10][11][12]. It is reported that iron oxide being ferrite in nature is extensively used in various fields of nanotechnology [13][14][15].…”

Contribution of magnetic particles in molecular diagnosis of human viruses

“…The instability of magnetic nanomaterials makes it important to develop approaches to stabilize MNPs against degradation and enhance biocompatibility. Such strategies frequently include modification of the surface with an organic layer or inorganic layer [ 69 ]. The surface functionalization of MNPs governs the binding efficacy of nucleic acids.…”

“…Hence, synthetic polymers, for instance, PAA (poly (acrylic acid)) are favored for their capability to bind to biological macromolecules, such as nucleic acids [ 69 ] Suitable surface coating of MNPs is necessary, which not only gives colloidal stability to the nanoparticles but also maximizes the possibilities for use in various other applications. The colloidal stability of MNPs under physiological conditions, for instance, at pH∼7.4, in blood, in physiological salts, and protein concentration is the minimum requirement for biomedical applications [ 71 ].…”