Asma y ejercicio: Revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

Asthma and exercise. A literature review Patients with asthma may show lower exercise tolerance due to asthma symptoms during exercise and/or exercise-induced asthma and other reasons, such as lack of fitness due to inactivity. Some may also restrict physical activities misconceptions about exercise and asthma in education centers, family and environment which may limit the development of the child. The evidence indicates that aerobic exercise improves aerobic capacity in asthmatic children and adolescents and can provide normal, similar to healthy patients, levels of aerobic capacity in this population. Advances in cardio-respiratory fitness are beneficial for the prevention of several concomitant diseases of childhood asthma, as obesity and mental disorders. As to the effects of physical training on pulmonary function in asthmatic children and adolescents, despite the existence of evidence of improvement in some reviews, most studies have not shown a significant change in spirometric markers of obstructive lung diseases. The major benefit of the exercise in asthmatic patients is in the quality of life, as associated with a significant improvement in quality of life (scores Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire, PAQLQ) in all areas evaluated (activity, symptoms and emotional function), according to various reviews. The aim of this review is to evaluate the effects of exercise in asthmatic patients and to give recommendations based on this evidence.

Physical Activity Frequency and Health-Related Quality of Life in Spanish Children and Adolescents with Asthma: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…Several studies on the benefits of PA in HRQoL in children and adolescents with asthma [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ] have shown that an increased PAF improves HRQoL [ 25 ]. There are other reported health benefits such as a lower risk of suffering other chronic diseases [ 9 , 17 , 38 , 39 , 41 , 42 ], better lung capacity [ 9 , 17 ], and mood enhancement [ 9 , 17 , 38 ]. Moreover, regular PA practice protects against comorbidities such as anxiety, depression and obesity, [ 38 , 39 , 42 , 43 ].…”

“…In this regard, our results revealed significant differences in HRQoL between those engaged in regular PA and those less active or inactive, in line with previous research [ 37 , 40 , 44 , 45 ]. One of the reasons why the literature indicates that PA could improve HRQOL in children and adolescents with asthma is that it could help in the control of the symptoms of this pathology due to cardiorespiratory adaptations to exercise [ 9 ], body mass index decrease [ 1 , 41 , 45 ] self-esteem and mood improvement [ 41 ] or the reduction of symptoms related to anxiety and depression [ 15 , 43 ].…”

“…Although the reported prevalence has been higher in developed countries, a high prevalence of severe symptomatology is detected in low- and middle-income countries [ 6 , 7 ]. In Spain, this disease management is costly and causes a high social impact, as it involves a large number of direct, indirect and intangible costs [ 8 ]: asthma is the most frequent cause of hospital admission and visits to the emergency department [ 9 ]. The severity of the pathology is the main predictor of cost.…”

“…Some studies have shown that children with asthma have a higher prevalence of inactivity than the general population of their age, being higher in girls than in boys [ 24 , 25 ]. However, PA is a valuable resource as it helps in increased cardiopulmonary capacity, asthma symptomatology and HRQoL [ 9 , 17 , 21 , 26 ]. Moreover, some studies suggest that improved cardiorespiratory fitness may improve mood and self-esteem [ 15 ].…”

Asma inducida por ejercicio

“…Respecto de los broncodilatadores, se permite el salbutamol, el salmeterol y el formoterol, mientras que la terbutalina requiere una autorización terapéutica para su suministro 12 . Por otro lado, diversas estrategias se pueden implementar para tratar de atenuar el daño en la vía aérea causado por la hiperventilación o agentes nocivos en deportistas con diagnóstico de AIE 13 : 1. Evitar el ejercicio en lugares de congestión vehicular alta y hacer ejercicio por lo menos 250 metros alejado de las carreteras principales (reducción de la inhalación de partículas nocivas).…”