Ashamed or afraid? Traumatic symptom severity and emotional activations of Covid-19-related events

Mind–body interventions (MBIs) include mindfulness-based interventions (MiBIs), meditation- and mantra-based interventions (MMIs), and movement-based interventions (MoBIs). These approaches have demonstrated preliminary efficacy in improving posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. However, previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses have noted that this area of research is limited by inadequate comparator conditions, heterogeneity of measurement, and absence of objective outcome measures. For these reasons, an updated review of the highest-quality evidence available is warranted. We used the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)-funded evidence tables for the PTSD-Repository to identify relevant studies and assess the risk of bias as follows: The search was conducted between June 2018 and June 2022, and databases included PTSDpubs (formerly PILOTS), Ovid® MEDLINE®, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase®, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL®), SCOPUS, and PsycINFO®. Twenty-six randomized controlled trials met our inclusion criteria. After identifying studies and retrieving risk of bias information from the PTSD-Repository evidence tables, we extracted additional data and synthesized the evidence. The strength of evidence was rated as low for MiBIs and MMIs, largely due to contradicting results, inconsistent use of active versus passive comparators, and high risk of bias. The strength of evidence for MoBIs was rated as moderate due to individual studies consistently favoring the intervention and a relatively large number of studies and participants. Of the 26 included studies, only two included objective outcome measures. Implications for future MBI research and clinical applications for treating PTSD are discussed.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Randomized controlled trials of mind–body interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder: a systematic review

Kaplan,

Somohano,

Zaccari

et al. 2024

“…A possible study limitation could be the lack of a state-emotional assessment of breast cancer survivors. Future research needs to assess the state shame and guilt related to the worst memory focused on BI (i.e., State Shame and Guilt Scale—SSGS-8; Cavalera et al, 2017 , 2023 ) of the participants. This could be relevant to monitor differences in negative emotions apart from fear of cancer disease recurrence.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual reality for the promotion of interoception awareness and body image in breast cancer survivors: a study protocol

Sebri,

Durosini,

Strika

et al. 2023

Women who received a diagnosis of breast cancer often report impairments in physical and psychological wellbeing, even some years after treatments. Individual awareness about physical changes, body image, and current sensations related to their body is important to maintain a psycho-emotional balance. Virtual reality, as an advanced human–computer interface, can be an effective tool to improve breast cancer survivors' abilities to know and manage their current sensations related to their bodies. The present study protocol proposes a virtual reality intervention aiming at promoting interoception and emotional wellbeing, fear of cancer recurrence, and body perception in breast cancer survivors, according to the three data collection times. Repeated-measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) with between–within interaction will be performed. Expected results include participants' awareness of their internal feelings, the reduction of negative emotions, and the management of symptoms related to the body, clarifying characteristics for the effective implementation of VR psychological intervention in the future.

“…The first is the direct mechanism, through which fear of COVID-19 affects mask-wearing intentions, and the second is the internal mechanism, through which social anxiety affects mask-wearing intentions, revealing the psychological influences on college students' choices about mask-wearing in the post-epidemic era. First, the one hand, the high risk of post-pandemic post-traumatic stress disorder, as demonstrated by Cavalera et al (2023), suggests that COVID-19 has had a dramatic impact on individual's mental health; Focusing on the negative self-conscious emotions and counterfactual thoughts associated with the trauma of COVID-19 fears or related experiences may provide answers to questions about individual's willingness to wear masks in the post-COVID-19 era. On the other hand, it's also some theoretical grounding is provided for how college students with social anxiety may be able to comply with the trend to remove their masks.…”

Section: Research Implications and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of the relationship between social anxiety and mask-wearing intention among college students in the post-COVID-19 era: mediating effects of self-identity, impression management, and avoidance

Xia,

Xu,

Ding

2023

IntroductionDuring the 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, wearing masks not only prevented transmission of the virus but also reduced social anxiety to some extent. With the end of the epidemic, the intention to wear masks to prevent transmission declined, but the effect of social anxiety on the intention to wear masks is unclear. The current study investigated the effects of social anxiety and fear of COVID-19 on mask-wearing intentions in the post-epidemic era, using self-identity, impression management and avoidance as mediating variables.MethodsIn total, 223 college students participated in the current study, and the related variables were measured using the social anxiety scale, the social behavior questionnaire, the self-identity questionnaire, and the mask-wearing intention questionnaire.ResultsThe results showed that social anxiety was significantly positively correlated with avoidance, impression management, and intention to wear masks, and significantly negatively correlated with self-identity. The fear of COVID-19, avoidance, and impression management were significantly positively correlated with mask-wearing intentions, while self-identity was significantly negatively correlated with mask-wearing intentions. Social anxiety affected college students’ intention to wear masks through three main pathways: the mediating role of avoidance, impression management, and the chain mediating role of self-identity and avoidance. The fear of COVID-19 directly and positively affected mask-wearing intentions.DiscussionThe current study reveals the differential pathways of the effects of COVID-19 fear and social anxiety on mask-wearing intentions in the post-COVID-19 era, and the findings have some practical implications for social anxiety interventions.