Ascites and Hepatosplenomegaly in Mice Associated with Protozoan-like Cytoplasmic Structures

Morris, J. A.; McCown, Jack M.; Blount, R. E.

doi:10.1093/infdis/98.3.306

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The first success was with Vittaforma corneae (Shadduck et al 1990) and made use of the approaches used years earlier to culture Encephalitozoon cuniculi , which infect rabbits and was grown in cultures of a mouse lymphosarcoma cell line (MB III) (Morris et al 1956). Now at least a half dozen species infecting humans opportunistically have been cultured, including Encephalitozoon hellem and E. intestinalis (Didier et al 1991; Visvesvara 2002; Visvesvara et al 1995a).…”

Section: Culturing Microsporidia Of Human Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal cell cultures in microsporidial research: their general roles and their specific use for fish microsporidia

Monaghan

Kent

Watral

et al. 2009

In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Animal

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The use of animal cell cultures as tools for studying the microsporidia of insect and mammals is briefly reviewed, along with an in depth review of the literature on using fish cell cultures to study the microsporidia of fish. Fish cell cultures have been used less often but have had some successes. Very short-term primary cultures have been used to show how microsporidia spores can modulate the activities of phagocytes. The most successful microsporidia/fish cell culture system has been relatively long-term primary cultures of salmonid leukocytes for culturing Nucleospora salmonis. Surprisingly, this system can also support the development of Enterocytozoon bienusi, which is of mammalian origin. Some modest success has been achieved in growing Pseudoloma neurophilia on several different fish cell lines. The eel cell line, EP-1, appears to be the only published example of any fish cell line being permanently infected with microsporidia, in this case Heterosporis anguillarum. These cell culture approaches promise to be valuable in understanding and treating microsporidia infections in fish, which are increasingly of economic importance.

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Section: Culturing Microsporidia Of Human Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal cell cultures in microsporidial research: their general roles and their specific use for fish microsporidia

Monaghan

Kent

Watral

et al. 2009

In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Animal

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“…It is especially common as a latent infection of laboratory rabbits and is also the cause of a lethal disease in several species of carnivores (14, 17, 2 1 ) . There are several reports of the propagation of E. cuniculi in various mammalian cell cultures (1-3, 5, 7, 9, 12,19,22,23,25). These in uitro systems have assisted the development of several diagnostic tests (4, 8,16,24,26,27) hy srrving as a source for large numbers of viahle E. cuniculi. In this paper we demonstrate that viable E. cuniculi can be quantified in vitro and this method can be used to study numerous biological properties of this organism.…”

Section: Ycephalitozoon Cuniculi (Levaditi Nicolau and Scoen)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Factors Influencing the in vitro Infectivity and Replication of *Encephalitozoon cuniculi**

Shadduck

Polley

1978

The Journal of Protozoology

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Rabbit Encephalitozoon cuniculi were propagated in vitro using rabbit choroid plexus (RCP) cells. The organisms reached maximum titer and numbers by 15 days. The source and in vitro passage level of RCP cells moderately influenced the sensitivity of the cells to infection. Cells less than 1 week old were significantly less sensitive than older cells. A moderate increase in infectivity for RCP cells was demonstrated with increasing organism passage level in vitro. Rabbit E. cuniculi were not affected by penicillin-streptomycin or gentamicin in the culture medium. The organism survived more than 9 days in buffer at 37 C and least 24 days at 4 and 20 C. Storage at -70 C or in liquid nitrogen was successful for at least 6 months. Encephalitozoon cuniculi survived 60 but not 120 min at 56 C. They were killed after 10 min of autoclaving and by 2% (v/v) Lysol, 10% (v/v) formalin and 70% (v/v) ethyl alcohol. The organisms survived at least 24 h at pH 9 or pH 4 and were not affected by sonication, freezing and thawing, or distilled water but lost significant infectivity after 24 h in CsCl or 40% (w/v) sucrose.

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“…The use of rodents or rabbits endemically infected with E. cuniculi with for xenodiagnoses and experimental models of human disease resulted in the clinical manifestations and histologic lesions of encephalitozoonosis being mistaken for poliomyelitis and human syphilis 17 . Endemic encephalitozoonosis in research animals has also been mistaken for animal models of herpes simplex and “human epidemic encephalitis,” B-virus infection (cercopithecine herpesvirus 1), toxoplasmosis, “human viral hepatitis,” and multiple sclerosis 52 , 59 , 64 , 65 , 92 , 113 , 140 . Although less well documented, E. cuniculi has also been mistaken for or implicated as the agent of rabies, scrub typhus, psittacosis, murine leukemia, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, and chemical carcinogenesis 124 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Mammalian Microsporidiosis

2000

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Abstract. The phylum Microspora contains a diverse group of single-celled, obligate intracellular protozoa sharing a unique organelle, the polar filament, and parasitizing a wide variety of invertebrate and vertebrate animals, including insects, fish, birds, and mammals. Encephalitozoon cuniculi is the classic microsporidial parasite of mammals, and encephalitozoonosis in rabbits and rodents has been and continues to be recognized as a confounding variable in animal-based biomedical research. Although contemporary research colonies are screened for infection with this parasite, E. cuniculi remains a cause of morbidity and mortality in pet and conventionally raised rabbits. In addition, E. cuniculi is a potential pathogen of immature domestic dogs and farm-raised foxes. The recent discovery and identification of Encephalitozoon intestinalis, Encephalitozoon hellem, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi, in addition to E. cuniculi, as opportunistic pathogens of humans have renewed interest in the Microspora. Veterinary pathologists, trained in the comparative anatomy of multiple animal species and infectious disease processes, are in a unique position to contribute to the diagnosis and knowledge of the pathogenesis of these parasitic diseases. This review article covers the life cycle, ultrastructure, and biology of mammalian microsporaidia and the clinical disease and lesions seen in laboratory and domestic animals, particularly as they relate to Encephalitozoon species. Human microsporidial disease and animal models of human infection are also addressed. Often thought of as rabbit pathogens of historical importance, E. cuniculi and the related mammalian microsporidia are emerging as significant opportunistic pathogens of immunocompromised individuals.

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Ascites and Hepatosplenomegaly in Mice Associated with Protozoan-like Cytoplasmic Structures

Cited by 17 publications

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Animal cell cultures in microsporidial research: their general roles and their specific use for fish microsporidia

Animal cell cultures in microsporidial research: their general roles and their specific use for fish microsporidia

Some Factors Influencing the in vitro Infectivity and Replication of *Encephalitozoon cuniculi**

Mammalian Microsporidiosis

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Ascites and Hepatosplenomegaly in Mice Associated with Protozoan-like Cytoplasmic Structures

Cited by 17 publications

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Animal cell cultures in microsporidial research: their general roles and their specific use for fish microsporidia

Animal cell cultures in microsporidial research: their general roles and their specific use for fish microsporidia

Some Factors Influencing the in vitro Infectivity and Replication of Encephalitozoon cuniculi*

Mammalian Microsporidiosis

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Some Factors Influencing the in vitro Infectivity and Replication of *Encephalitozoon cuniculi**