Asbestos-free Brake Pad Using Composite Polymer Strengthened with Rice Husk Powder

Primaningtyas, Widya Emilia; Sakura, Rahma Rei; Suheni,; Syafi’i, None Imam; Adhyaksa, A A G A D

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/462/1/012015

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The application of RH as biodegradable composites that to be used for interior and exterior parts in the automotive industries such as boot/spare tire lining [ 105 ] and brake pads [ 106 ] was widely examined. Currently, Volkswagen Group motors use a RH reinforced polymer to fabricate the tailgate, double load floor of the trunk, and covering of the roof for the SEAT León car [ 105 ].…”

Section: Rh Composites Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, RH was promoted to be used as a friction material, which has been dominated by the asbestos material. This asbestos-based brake pad was banned due to the carcinogenic and hazardous effects on the human body [ 106 ]. The husk filler could reduce the rate of wear, improve the friction behavior, and gave a harsh surface roughness, which resembled a commercial brake pad [ 107 ].…”

Section: Rh Composites Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Application of RH biocomposites: ( a ) medium density board [ 56 ], ( b ) brake pad [ 106 ], ( c ) car trunk [ 105 ], ( d ) polymer film [ 118 ], and ( e ) refractory mortar [ 104 ]. …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Progress of Rice Husk Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Review

et al. 2021

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Recently, because of the rising population, carbon overloading, and environmental distress, human beings have needed to increase awareness and responsibility for the reduction of agricultural waste. The utilization of agricultural waste as a filler material in reinforced polymers is a fascinating discovery. This review paper attempts to study the physical, mechanical, and thermal behavior of rice husk (RH) as a fiber for reinforcing various synthetic polymers, based on recent studies, conducted between 2017 and 2021. It also highlights that advanced modification techniques could further improve the performance of composites by tailoring the physical and chemical substances of the fiber or matrix. The thermal properties, including flame-retardance and thermal behavior, are also discussed. The characteristics of the fiber–matrix interaction between RH and the polymer matrix provide essential insights into the future-ready applications of this agricultural waste fiber. The way forward in researching RH polymer composites is finally reviewed.

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Section: Rh Composites Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rh Composites Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Progress of Rice Husk Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Review

et al. 2021

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“…The high silica and low lignin content made rice husk suitable as friction material due to its ceramic-like behavior [12]. Rice husk can be used as a filler element in a polymer resin to create natural organic-inorganic composite material [13]. The rice husk is also an abundant and inexpensive agricultural by-product that could reduce the composites' manufacturing cost [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Rice Husk Particles Size as A Reinforcement Component on Resin-Based Brake Pad Performance: From Literature Review on the Use of Agricultural Waste as A Reinforcement Material, Chemical Polymerization Reaction of Epoxy Resin, to Experiments

Nandiyanto

Hofifah

Girsang

et al. 2021

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This study aims to investigate the effect of rice husks’ particle size on resin-based brake pad performance (i.e. compressive strength, puncture strength, mass loss, wear rate, friction coefficient, and heat resistance). Bisphenol A-epichlorohydrin and cycloaliphatic amine were mixed to form resin and used as the brake pad's base material. In the experiment, rice husk with a specific particle size (i.e., 250, 500, dan 1000 μm) was added to the resin. Rice husk has received considerable interest due to its lignin, cellulose, and silica content, making it suitable as friction material due to its ceramic-like behavior. The experimental results showed small rice husk particles improved compressive strength, puncture strength, and bulk density. This can be obtained from the analysis of the maximum compressive strength for brake pad supported by particles with sizes of 250, 500, and 1000 μm having values of 0.238; 0.173; and 0.144 MPa, respectively. In contrast, large particles formed coarse surfaces and pores, decreased mass loss rate, and improve friction properties (i.e. wear rate, friction coefficient). The friction coefficient values of brake pad supported by particles with sizes of 250, 500, and 1000 µm were, respectively, 0.2075; 0.2070; and 0.3379. Particle size affected interpacking, interfacial bonding, pores number and size, thermal softening, mechanical properties, and friction properties of the brake pad. Comparison between the prepared resin-based and commercial brake pad was also done, confirming the utilization of agro-waste as a potential alternative for friction material in the brake pad.

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“…Materials representing natural plant waste such as banana peel, cocoa beans shells, rice powder, palm kernel fibre, coconut fibre, wood powder, cow bone, crab shells, hazelnut shells, corn husks and walnut shells are often used and proposed. [97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107] According to Arman et al, 108 brake pads with additives of agricultural materials, that is waste are useful because they do not have an impact on the environment and health and show the same properties as metal brake pads. According to this source, a certain percentage of phenolic resin with the addition of banana peel has good tribological characteristics, but the ratio must be taken into account, bearing in mind that otherwise, excessive wear occurs.…”

Section: Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The analysis of the influential parameters that cause particles formation during the braking process: A review

Vasiljević

Glišović

Stojаnović

et al. 2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J:

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The braking system is one of the important systems from the aspect of vehicle safety, but it is also one of the systems that has a significant impact on the environment. Brakes are considered to be a source of non-exhaust particles, that is sources that create particles by the wear of the elements that are in contact with each other, and in this case, the brake friction elements (brake pads and rotating disc). Such particles often contain heavy metals that are part of the friction elements. There are a number of influencing factors that can affect the wear of the friction elements and increase the concentration of the formed particles. Laboratory methods of testing wear and particle formation, road tests and various simulations of brake wear are most often used for testing. In this paper, a review of methodologies for testing the formation of particles from the braking system, the materials used in the composition of the friction elements of the brake, as well as factors affecting the wear rate and concentration of particles of different sizes, based on the conclusions of other authors is presented. Based on this review, it can be concluded which quantities and factors need special attention during further research in the mechanism of formation of non-exhaust particles whose source is the vehicle braking system.

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Asbestos-free Brake Pad Using Composite Polymer Strengthened with Rice Husk Powder

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

Recent Progress of Rice Husk Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Review

Recent Progress of Rice Husk Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Review

The Effects of Rice Husk Particles Size as A Reinforcement Component on Resin-Based Brake Pad Performance: From Literature Review on the Use of Agricultural Waste as A Reinforcement Material, Chemical Polymerization Reaction of Epoxy Resin, to Experiments

The analysis of the influential parameters that cause particles formation during the braking process: A review

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