Abstract:O plantio de hortaliças no Brasil ocupa uma área aproximada de 326 mil hectares. Todas as hortaliças são exigentes na aplicação de defensivos, o que cria não só riscos de intoxicação de agricultores, mas também de consumidores, devido aos resíduos tóxicos nos alimentos. Isso acontece porque na maioria dos casos há poucas opções de controle de pragas além do controle químico. O controle biológico é pouco explorado porque, em plantas de ciclo curto, as chances de que o predador ou parasitóide atuem com eficiênci… Show more
“…Late blight is severe and results in losses to tomato crops, especially in colder and wet periods of the year. The disease is visually recognized by the appearance of dark spots on tomato leaves, whose blotches vary from brown or gray to pale green, often located at the edges of the tomato leaves [3,4].…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Tomatoes are climacteric soft skin fruits, highly susceptible to diseases and contamination, mainly through injured skin or damaged tissues during the plantation stage [3]. The indiscriminate use of pesticides in tomato crops brings serious problems to human health and to environment.…”
Abstract. This work presents an approach focused in enhancing the quality of tomato crops. We are developing and using low cost computational strategies to support early detection of the late blight. Our approach consorts tomatoes cultivars in an experimental field with inexpensive computer-aided resources based on Web and Android mobile tools in which workers collect scouting data and annotations and take images about the state of the crop, and in image filtering techniques and pattern recognition to detect foliage diseases on tomatoes images. In this study, we use provenance metadata about field observations, images and farmers' annotations as well, to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the patterns recognition algorithms. Our identification method achieved a hit rate of 94.12 %, using a reduced set of digital images of the tomato crops.
“…Late blight is severe and results in losses to tomato crops, especially in colder and wet periods of the year. The disease is visually recognized by the appearance of dark spots on tomato leaves, whose blotches vary from brown or gray to pale green, often located at the edges of the tomato leaves [3,4].…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Tomatoes are climacteric soft skin fruits, highly susceptible to diseases and contamination, mainly through injured skin or damaged tissues during the plantation stage [3]. The indiscriminate use of pesticides in tomato crops brings serious problems to human health and to environment.…”
Abstract. This work presents an approach focused in enhancing the quality of tomato crops. We are developing and using low cost computational strategies to support early detection of the late blight. Our approach consorts tomatoes cultivars in an experimental field with inexpensive computer-aided resources based on Web and Android mobile tools in which workers collect scouting data and annotations and take images about the state of the crop, and in image filtering techniques and pattern recognition to detect foliage diseases on tomatoes images. In this study, we use provenance metadata about field observations, images and farmers' annotations as well, to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the patterns recognition algorithms. Our identification method achieved a hit rate of 94.12 %, using a reduced set of digital images of the tomato crops.
“…O controle químico das pragas tem sido o mais disponível ao tomaticultor e é muito utilizado no controle das brocas e traças dos frutos do tomateiro (França et al 1983, Haji et al 1986. Nakano (1999) citou diversas razões pela qual o controle químico tem sido predominante em hortaliças, entre elas, a especificidade dos agentes de controle biológico e o ciclo curto das culturas, que impedem o estabelecimento de predadores e parasitóides.…”
Visando o controle das pragas dos frutos Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Guenée), Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) e Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), pencas de tomates, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., foram ensacadas com papel-manteiga. Além do efeito do ensacamento testaram-se dois repelentes, pastilhas desodorizantes e dentes de alho em pedaços de aproximadamente 90 mm³, colados no interior dos saquinhos. Foram realizados três ensaios com delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso. O primeiro e o segundo ensaios foram realizados em campo experimental, utilizando-se tomateiros da variedade Santa Clara. O terceiro ensaio foi realizado em campo comercial, utilizando-se o híbrido Carmen. Cada ensaio foi constituído por cinco tratamentos: saquinhos contendo pastilha desodorizante, saquinhos contendo dente de alho, saquinhos vazios, testemunha e controle químico com o inseticida metamidofós. A eficiência do ensacamento e dos repelentes foi verificada por meio do número médio de lagartas encontradas por tratamento. Os resultados demonstraram que o ensacamento, associado ou não aos repelentes de insetos, reduz o ataque das lagartas N. elegantalis e H. zea aos frutos. Entretanto, o ensacamento dos frutos não foi suficiente para protegê-los dos danos causados por T. absoluta, sendo necessária a integração do método com controle químico na época de maior infestação.
“…Excessive application of agricultural chemicals to control diseases and pests is a common practice and results in problems related to environmental contamination, the applicators, consumers and the producers themselves (Barreto & Scaloppi, 2000;Nakano, 1999).…”
The incidence of leaf diseases is one of the main factors limiting the tomato crop production, increasing the production cost due to excessive pesticide application. The basal leaf removal could reduce inoculum sources, disease severity and contribute to reducing the use of pesticide. Aiming to evaluate the efficiency of this practice on the reduction of tomato leaf diseases and the effect in the quality and in the productivity of the tomato plants for in natura consumption, two experiments were carried out to test four levels of basal leaf removal. Basal leaves removal, at fruit harvesting, is efficient in reducing the infected plant area by disease, what can mean smaller disease severity and least inoculum source in the field. Also, the all basal leaf removal does not affect yield and quality of the tomato fruits. Other studies are necessary to evaluate the effect of adopting this practice in different planting dates, spacing, varieties, successive plantings and the financial viability of adopting this practice.
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