“…Isadora Guerreiro, for instance, draws on the case of the MTST to argue that MCMVE enjoins conformance to market logics among civil society organisations, given that the latter must engage in the property market and make design and amenity concessions as they act as brokers between government, business and civil society, rather than as independent political agents (Guerreiro, 2016). Guerreiro's criticism is one of a suite of others in academia, the popular media and the Brazilian left, which suggest that this mode of housing acquisition may depoliticise housing movements (or civil society organisations), resulting in a hollow, interest‐oriented kind of activism, which also aggravates unequal urban development (see Camargo, 2016; Polese, 2017: 137). Cibele Rizek has also argued that MCMVE helped to legitimise the main MCMV programme, challenged the autonomy of participating social movements, and created a consensus around the use of certain practices among otherwise diverse social movements, such as the MTST and those movements which form part of the União Nacional do Moradia Popular (UNMP, National Union of Popular Housing), through which elements of Lula's political project are realised (Rizek, 2018: 62–63).…”