Arylesterase Activity and Antioxidant Status Depend on PON1-Q192R and PON1-L55M Polymorphisms in Subjects with Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Consuming Walnut-Enriched Meat

Nus, Meritxell; Francès, Francesc; Librelotto, J.; Canales, Amaia; Corella, Dolores; Sánchez-Montero, J.M.; Sánchez‐Muniz, Francisco J.

doi:10.1093/jn/137.7.1783

Cited by 35 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We could not detect any differences in PON phenotype by solely monitoring salt responsiveness, the proportion of the A phenotype being similar in the three groups. However, recent investigations have revealed that subjects carrying the PON1-L55 and PON1-192R polymorphisms have higher arylesterase activity, and that these polymorphisms modulate the response to changes in the diet [37] . Testing for differences in the prevalence of these polymorphisms in our study populations was beyond the scope of this project.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet and Paraoxonase 1 Enzymatic Activity in Diabetic Foot Patients from Romania and Belgium: Favorable Association of High Flavonoid Dietary Intake with Arylesterase Activity

Lixandru

Mohora²,

Coman³

et al. 2010

Ann Nutr Metab

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background/Aims: The antiatherosclerotic enzyme paraoxonase (PON1) is affected by disease and lifestyle. We investigated the impact of diet in diabetic foot patients from 2 European countries. Methods: Dietary intake and serum PON1 activity, using as substrate paraoxon (paraoxonase) or phenylacetate (arylesterase), were assessed in patients from Bucharest (n = 40) and Antwerp (n = 30) and in 34 healthy controls. Results: The diabetic patients had lower paraoxonase and arylesterase activities than the controls. Arylesterase was lowest in the Bucharest patients, 116 ± 42 U/ml, versus 141 ± 43 and 184 ± 49 U/ml in the Antwerp patients and controls, respectively (p < 0.0005). The Bucharest patients had worse glycemic control, higher blood pressure, lower HDL cholesterol and a diet richer in cholesterol and poorer in monounsaturated fats and fish. In contrast, their median intake of vitamins E and C, folic acid and flavonoids was higher, 82 mg (range: 4–259 mg), versus 28 mg (range: 5–169 mg) aglycone units in Antwerp (p = 0.005). Flavonoid intake predicted arylesterase independently of HDL cholesterol, region and sex (β = 0.27; p = 0.03), and patients with high intake achieved normal levels of arylesterase (30.1 ± 10.0 U/µmol in the highest versus 21.0 ± 8.2 U/µmol total cholesterol in the lowest tertile; p = 0.02). Conclusion: A flavonoid-rich diet is positively associated with PON1 arylesterase activity in diabetic foot patients.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet and Paraoxonase 1 Enzymatic Activity in Diabetic Foot Patients from Romania and Belgium: Favorable Association of High Flavonoid Dietary Intake with Arylesterase Activity

Lixandru

Mohora²,

Coman³

et al. 2010

Ann Nutr Metab

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…After 6 weeks, no significant changes in TAC (specifically, the ORAC, FRAP and total antioxidant parameter assays), antioxidant status (total plasma phenols, thiols and glutathione peroxidase) or lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) were observed with either 21 or 42 g walnuts/d in a randomised cross-over trial conducted in twenty-one generally healthy men and postmenopausal women aged $ 50 years by McKay et al (146) . Interestingly, a significant reduction in erythrocyte lipid peroxidation was observed in subjects at increased risk for CVD following a diet with 21·4 g walnuts/d for 5 weeks, when compared with a control diet (147) , but this effect was modulated according to each subject's particular paraoxonase (PON1) polymorphism (148) . According to Ros (140) , the available evidence suggests that while PUFA-rich nuts confer a neutral or minimal effect on oxidative status, the effects of MUFA-rich nuts are more moderate.…”

Section: Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tree nut phytochemicals: composition, antioxidant capacity, bioactivity, impact factors. A systematic review of almonds, Brazils, cashews, hazelnuts, macadamias, pecans, pine nuts, pistachios and walnuts

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tree nuts contain an array of phytochemicals including carotenoids, phenolic acids, phytosterols and polyphenolic compounds such as flavonoids, proanthocyanidins (PAC) and stilbenes, all of which are included in nutrient databases, as well as phytates, sphingolipids, alkylphenols and lignans, which are not. The phytochemical content of tree nuts can vary considerably by nut type, genotype, pre-and post-harvest conditions, as well as storage conditions. Genotype affects phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenes and phytosterols, but data are lacking for many other phytochemical classes. During the roasting process, tree nut isoflavones, flavanols and flavonols were found to be more resistant to heat than the anthocyanins, PAC and trans-resveratrol. The choice of solvents used for extracting polyphenols and phytosterols significantly affects their quantification, and studies validating these methods for tree nut phytochemicals are lacking. The phytochemicals found in tree nuts have been associated with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, antiviral, chemopreventive and hypocholesterolaemic actions, all of which are known to affect the initiation and progression of several pathogenic processes. While tree nut phytochemicals are bioaccessible and bioavailable in humans, the number of intervention trials conducted to date is limited. The objectives of the present review are to summarise tree nut: (1) phytochemicals; (2) phytochemical content included in nutrient databases and current publications; (3) phytochemicals affected by pre-and post-harvest conditions and analytical methodology; and (4) bioactivity and health benefits in humans.

show abstract

“…In a recent cross-sectional study of 107 women, neither the PON1 M55L nor the Q192R polymorphisms significantly modified the relationship between serum lycopene and levels of TBARS, however, both polymorphisms showed significant interactions with serum lycopene on markers of bone turnover, which may also indicate increased oxidative stress [50]. Studies have also shown consumption of restructured walnut paste-enriched steaks to significantly interact with the PON1 Q192R polymorphism such that the walnut-enriched meat decreased sVCAM-1 (interaction p = 0.026), a marker of inflammation and endothelial activation [51], and lipid peroxidation (interaction p = 0.04) [52] in 192R allele carriers only.…”

Section: Paraoxanasementioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrigenetics and Modulation of Oxidative Stress

2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Oxidative stress develops as a result of an imbalance between the production and accumulation of reactive species and the body’s ability to manage them using exogenous and endogenous antioxidants. Exogenous antioxidants obtained from the diet, including vitamin C, vitamin E, and carotenoids, have important roles in preventing and reducing oxidative stress. Individual genetic variation affecting proteins involved in the uptake, utilization and metabolism of these antioxidants may alter their serum levels, exposure to target cells and subsequent contribution to the extent of oxidative stress. Endogenous antioxidants include the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, paraoxanase, and glutathione S-transferase. These enzymes metabolize reactive species and their by-products, reducing oxidative stress. Variation in the genes coding these enzymes may impact their enzymatic antioxidant activity and, thus, the levels of reactive species, oxidative stress, and risk of disease development. Oxidative stress may contribute to the development of chronic disease, including osteoporosis, type 2 diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Indeed, polymorphisms in most of the genes that code for antioxidant enzymes have been associated with several types of cancer, although inconsistent findings between studies have been reported. These inconsistencies may, in part, be explained by interactions with the environment, such as modification by diet. In this review, we highlight some of the recent studies in the field of nutrigenetics, which have examined interactions between diet, genetic variation in antioxidant enzymes, and oxidative stress.

show abstract

Arylesterase Activity and Antioxidant Status Depend on PON1-Q192R and PON1-L55M Polymorphisms in Subjects with Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Consuming Walnut-Enriched Meat

Cited by 35 publications

References 24 publications

Diet and Paraoxonase 1 Enzymatic Activity in Diabetic Foot Patients from Romania and Belgium: Favorable Association of High Flavonoid Dietary Intake with Arylesterase Activity

Diet and Paraoxonase 1 Enzymatic Activity in Diabetic Foot Patients from Romania and Belgium: Favorable Association of High Flavonoid Dietary Intake with Arylesterase Activity

Tree nut phytochemicals: composition, antioxidant capacity, bioactivity, impact factors. A systematic review of almonds, Brazils, cashews, hazelnuts, macadamias, pecans, pine nuts, pistachios and walnuts

Nutrigenetics and Modulation of Oxidative Stress

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About