Artificial stones utilised in Florence historical palaces between the XIX and XX centuries

Pecchioni, Elena; Malesani, Piergiorgio; Bellucci, Beatrice; Fratini, Fabio

doi:10.1016/j.culher.2005.06.001

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…(Table 2) The results presented here are consistent with those obtained in other research projects on early modern hydraulic binders elsewhere (Pecchioni et al, 2005;Sabbioni et al, 2001;Decorated Renders, 1999: 128;Baturayoğlu Yöney, 2008;Baturayoğlu Yöney and Ersen, 2009b).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Dehydration losses occur from calcium silicate and aluminate hydrates between 105-550°C and carbon dioxide loss occurs from calcites due to carbonation between 550-1050°C. The CO 2 /SW loss ratios below 10 indicate hydraulicity in binder samples (Biscontin et al, 2002;Moropoulou et al, 2003;Moropoulou et al, 2005;Genestar et al, 2006;Pecchioni et al, 2005). The calculated ratios between 1-3 (Table 2; Fig.…”

Section: Raw Materials Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amorphous gelatinous C-S-H structures cannot be observed in XRD analyses. The binder of a matured Portland cement mortar or concrete includes 60-70% C-S-H, 25% CH, 10% monosulphate hydrates (AFm) and trace amounts of hydro-garnates (Pecchioni et al, 2005;Decorated Renders, 1999, 120). Similarly C 2 S in hydraulic lime also transforms into colloidal C-S-H and CH due to hydration.…”

Section: Raw Materials Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Evaluation of the Binders and Aggregates Used in Artificial Stone Architectural Claddings and Elements in Late 19th-Early 20th Centuries

Ersen¹,

Gürdal²,

Güleç³

et al. 2010

JFA

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The material defined as 'artificial stone', frequently used on the façades of the late 19th and early 20th century buildings, is a mixture of binder, aggregate and other additives and may either be applied directly as a coating on wall surfaces or precast in moulds and then attached to façades as decorative architectural elements (1). One of the effects of the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century was a tendency to standardize architectural production, which in turn moved away from time-consuming and costly traditional techniques in search of those in accordance with the dynamic social, economic and cultural structure of the period. One of the resulting solutions was the rapidly mass-produced artificial stones that replaced the traditional stone masonry.The aim of this research is to evaluate the use of artificial stone on the exterior façades of buildings dated to turn of the last century in terms of architecture and conservation science, focusing on the classification of their constituent binders and aggregates. The experiments, conducted according to related national and international standards based on research programs recommended for similar mortar and plaster samples in literature, enabled the determination of the physical, raw material and mineralogical characteristics of the samples. Results indicate that all the binders have hydraulic quality, some being artificial cements and/or natural water limes and others being fat limes, mixed with mostly artificial pozzolanic additives. The identification of calcium sulphate enabled the classification cements as opposed to limes. Compared to mortars and concretes, the aggregates are smaller in size and usually lighter in colour, such as white sand, and crushed marble and lime stone. The use of fibrous aggregates as well as artificial pozzolanic aggregates with hydraulic binders including cements, on the other hand, may indicate the continuity of tradition and/or distrust in these new materials.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Raw Materials Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Raw Materials Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Evaluation of the Binders and Aggregates Used in Artificial Stone Architectural Claddings and Elements in Late 19th-Early 20th Centuries

Ersen¹,

Gürdal²,

Güleç³

et al. 2010

JFA

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“…Both natural and artificial inorganic materials were added to mortars to improve the physico-chemical and mechanical properties; workability or water retention was also analyzed [7][8][9]. In recent years, mechanical properties and fabric analyses were also made [3,[10][11][12][13]. Chemical composition of the mortars were also analyzed [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is not a uniform terminology for the loss compensation of stones: the expressions of repair mortars or artificial stones are used by different authors [1][2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of repair mortar for the loss compensation of Hungarian porous limestone

Szemerey-Kiss¹,

Török²

2014

Epitoanyag - JSBCM

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Different ready-made, commercially available (in Hungary) stone repair mortars and laboratory mixed, newly designed mortars were tested under different conditions in the laboratory. the mortars had different aggregate and binder content. the aim of the research was to understand the influence of the different binders and various amounts of limestone aggregate on the properties of mortar. During the laboratory tests more than 550 specimens were analyzed according to the en standards. Pure repair mortars have higher strength and lower capillary activity than the Hungarian porous limestones. Added aggregate can increase the compatibility of the commercially available mortars, but at some mortars it may result a drastic decrease in strength. newly designed mortars have similar mechanical and hydrotechnical properties to the tested porous limestones.

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Survey of Repaired and Artificial Stones of the Archaeological Site of Pella Five Years After Application

Papayianni

Stefanidou

Pachta

2014

Built Heritage: Monitoring Conservation Management

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Artificial stones utilised in Florence historical palaces between the XIX and XX centuries

Cited by 20 publications

References 5 publications

An Evaluation of the Binders and Aggregates Used in Artificial Stone Architectural Claddings and Elements in Late 19th-Early 20th Centuries

An Evaluation of the Binders and Aggregates Used in Artificial Stone Architectural Claddings and Elements in Late 19th-Early 20th Centuries

Utilization of repair mortar for the loss compensation of Hungarian porous limestone

Survey of Repaired and Artificial Stones of the Archaeological Site of Pella Five Years After Application

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