Survey of Repaired and Artificial Stones of the Archaeological Site of Pella Five Years After Application

Papayianni, I.; Stefanidou, Maria; Pachta, Vasiliki

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-08533-3_37

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The compressive strength of the sound pieces ranged from 30 to 45 MPa, while for the heavily deteriorated specimens varied from 11.5 to 15.0 MPa, with a respective decrease in open porosity from 1.5% to 11.0%, respectively. The design of the artificial stone composition for producing cast blocks of stone was based on the characteristics of the old samples, taking into account the color hue, the calcitic matrix, as well as the mechanical strength and porosity level of the sound pieces [26]. Therefore the compressive strength requirement of 30-45 MPa with a minimum porosity of 4.0% was taken into account.…”

Section: Archaeological Site Of Pellamentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and testing of artificial stone for the restoration of stone elements in monuments and historic buildings

Stefanidou

Pachta

Papayianni

2015

Construction and Building Materials

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Section: Archaeological Site Of Pellamentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and testing of artificial stone for the restoration of stone elements in monuments and historic buildings

Stefanidou

Pachta

Papayianni

2015

Construction and Building Materials

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“…In the same study, the compressive strength of the stone showed a relatively high variation (20-60 MPa), indicating the unstable quality of the material. Relatively lower compressive strength was reported by Papayianni et al [3], ranging from 30 to 45 MPa for healthy stone samples and from 11.5 to 15.0 MPa for heavily deteriorated stone samples. Therefore, the overall state of the stone leads to an urgent need for conservation and restoration measures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…The most common building material found in the archaeological sites in Greece are limestone, conglomerate, sandstone, travertine and marble [1]. Marly limestone is the main construction material in the archaeological site of Pella, the capital of ancient Macedonia and the birthplace of Alexander the Great [2,3]. The rich findings, which came to light after excavations, revealed the wealth and prosperity of the city, which thrived from the second half of the 4th century to the 2nd century BC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The decay of limestone caused by the effects of the atmospheric conditions was extensively studied in the past [8][9][10]. The physicomechanical characterization of the stone of the archaeological site of Pella was carried out in several studies, which employed optical microscopy and reported petrographic results [2,3,5]. Liali et al [2] studied the state of the building materials of the Monumental Propylon and Building I of the Palace of Pella and showed that up to 60% of the stones examined were highly deteriorated, presenting cracks, exfoliation, detachments, discontinuities, biological growths and, in some cases, complete disintegration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Natural Stone from the Archaeological Site of Pella, Macedonia, Northern Greece

et al. 2021

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The goal of the study was to characterize the limestone that was used extensively in the ancient city of Pella (Macedonia, Greece), the birthplace of Alexander the Great. An on-site examination of the building material was carried out to record the types of damage and to select sampling areas. A variation in the nature of the stone and the degree of deterioration, even between the stones that comprise a specific monument structure, was observed, with water absorption and biological colonization being the main factors resulting in the deterioration of the stone. A comprehensive microanalysis and testing scheme was conducted to fully characterize the mineralogical, chemical, mechanical and thermal properties of the stones collected from various areas of the archaeological site. Optical microscopy, XRD and SEM–EDX were used to investigate the chemical composition and the structure of the stone samples. Finally, other properties, such as porosity, specific gravity and water absorption, were measured. Surface alterations, material degradation and biological deterioration were observed in most samples. The results obtained using XRD showed that the dominant mineral phase of the limestone is calcite, with quartz and clay minerals also detected in traces. The microscopic examination of the samples showed that the main natural stone at the archaeological site is a marly limestone. Thermographical measurements showed that the decay of the stones due to ambient temperature variation and corresponding contraction/expansion phenomena may be relatively limited, as the stone exhibited a low thermal diffusivity. Moreover, high porosity values (12.06–21.09%) and low compressive strength (11.3–27.7 MPa) were recorded, indicating the vulnerability of the stone and the need to take conservation measures.

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“…The diagnostic results allow for the setup of adequate guidelines for the different conservation phases-cleaning, consolidation, gluing, sealing and re-jointing, and protection [13]. Nevertheless, these guidelines alone are not sufficient to implement executive planning for a satisfactory intervention, which should also rely on: the thorough knowledge of the specific features of the site (environmental and microclimatic conditions) [14]; the reliable evaluation of the treatment materials and methodologies on site [15][16][17]; the efficient control during the execution of the conservation activities; the assessment and monitoring of the restoration results, to understand the evolution of the treated surfaces [18][19][20] and to allow the early detection of any incompatibility issue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation of the Built Heritage: Pilot Site Approach to Design a Sustainable Process

Gulotta

Toniolo

2019

Heritage

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The conservation project of built heritage is a complex process, dealing with an extremely heterogeneous range of elements and different substrates with a large variety of conservation conditions. In recent years, its sustainability has become a relevant issue, due to the general limitation of resources and unique features of cultural heritage assets. The conservation project, therefore, requires a thorough knowledge of the specific characteristics of the site, a reliable evaluation of the treatment’s efficacy and durability, and efficient control of procedures and timing of the site during the conservation activities. A suitable approach to design the intervention is the implementation of a pilot site for the knowledge of surfaces and structures, and for the testing of different operative procedures. This approach needs the collaborative work of a multidisciplinary team coordinated by the project manager. This paper reports on the design of the conservation project of the Renaissance façade of the Monza cathedral, with the development of a pilot site as a relevant example of a complex surface. The three-phase process—preliminary knowledge, testing and implementation of the treatment methodologies, and scale-up to the general conservation project—is described and discussed with significant reference to real data from the case study.

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Survey of Repaired and Artificial Stones of the Archaeological Site of Pella Five Years After Application

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

Design and testing of artificial stone for the restoration of stone elements in monuments and historic buildings

Design and testing of artificial stone for the restoration of stone elements in monuments and historic buildings

Characterization of Natural Stone from the Archaeological Site of Pella, Macedonia, Northern Greece

Conservation of the Built Heritage: Pilot Site Approach to Design a Sustainable Process

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