Artificial Intelligence-Aided Model Predictive Control for a Grid-Tied Wind-Hydrogen-Fuel Cell System

A Coordinated Control Method for Integrated System of Wind Farm and Hydrogen Production: Kinetic Energy and Virtual Discharge Controls

“…Specifically, the purpose of the grid-connected system is to smooth the WF output sufficiently, produce hydrogen constantly, and maintain a high capacity factor in the HPS. In [24]- [28], systems composed of WFs, HPSs, FCs, and energy storage systems (ESSs), such as a battery, were proposed. Moreover, some operation methods for the system were also investigated in [24]- [28].…”

High-Level Penetration of Renewable Energy Sources Into Grid Utility: Challenges and Solutions

“…However, the model predictive control (MPC) approach has the ability to consider both of them. In order to take these advantages, MPC-based control approaches are presented in [219], [220] for uncertainty mitigation of wind and solar energy systems. A robust nonlinear controller is presented in [221] for grid connected solar PV system.…”

Electricity-Heat-Hydrogen Modeling of Hydrogen Storage System Considering Off-Design Characteristics

“…In order to overcome the disadvantages above, some researchers consider the complex mechanism model for the HSS, containing a multitude of parameters and complex nonlinear relations. The nonlinear volt-ampere characteristic equation of fuel cell is used in [16], to solve optimal operation strategy for grid-connection HSS, where particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm are used for optimization solution. Combined with the complex mechanism model of electrolytic cell and fuel cell, optimal control theory is applied in the optimization solution of optimal scheduling strategy for a multi-energy system in [17].…”