High-Level Penetration of Renewable Energy Sources Into Grid Utility: Challenges and Solutions

Alam, Sheikh Shamimul; Al–Ismail, Fahad Saleh; Salem, A.; Abido, M. A.

doi:10.1109/access.2020.3031481

Cited by 173 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 229 publications

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“…For instance, the PV system can not provide any inertia to the islanded microgrids, thus, it degrades the DC bus voltage control response. On the other hand, although the wind systems have some inertia, they are effectively decoupled from the DC microgrids system due to the connection of wind turbine through the power electronics converters [99]. To minimize these negative impacts of renewable energy integration into DC microgrids, it is imperative to keep some reserve power by adding sufficient energy storage devices.…”

Section: Reserve Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

DC Microgrid Planning, Operation, and Control: A Comprehensive Review

Al–Ismail

2021

IEEE Access

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232

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In recent years, due to the wide utilization of direct current (DC) power sources, such as solar photovoltaic (PV), fuel cells, different DC loads, high-level integration of different energy storage systems such as batteries, supercapacitors, DC microgrids have been gaining more importance. Furthermore, unlike conventional AC systems, DC microgrids do not have issues such as synchronization, harmonics, reactive power control, and frequency control. However, the incorporation of different distributed generators, such as PV, wind, fuel cell, loads, and energy storage devices in the common DC bus complicates the control of DC bus voltage as well as the power-sharing. In order to ensure the secure and safe operation of DC microgrids, different control techniques, such as centralized, decentralized, distributed, multilevel, and hierarchical control, are presented. The optimal planning of DC microgrids has an impact on operation and control algorithms; thus, coordination among them is required. A detailed review of the planning, operation, and control of DC microgrids is missing in the existing literature. Thus, this article documents developments in the planning, operation, and control of DC microgrids covered in research in the past 15 years. DC microgrid planning, operation, and control challenges and opportunities are discussed. Different planning, control, and operation methods are well documented with their advantages and disadvantages to provide an excellent foundation for industry personnel and researchers. Power-sharing and energy management operation, control, and planning issues are summarized for both grid-connected and islanded DC microgrids. Also, key research areas in DC microgrid planning, operation, and control are identified to adopt cuttingedge technologies. This review explicitly helps readers understand existing developments on DC microgrid planning, operation, and control as well as identify the need for additional research in order to further contribute to the topic. INDEX TERMS DC microgrids, renewable energy sources, batteries, supercapacitors, DC bus voltage, power management, state of charge, microgrid operation, and planning.

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Section: Reserve Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

DC Microgrid Planning, Operation, and Control: A Comprehensive Review

Al–Ismail

2021

IEEE Access

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232

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“…The low inertia is the main cause of grid instability. Several methods are introduced in the literature to tackle this issue by modifying the feedback control system such as virtual inertia control, Virtual impedance control, etc [44]. The second challenge is related to the over-generation periods when the energy generated by PVs or wind turbine is greater than the demand of the seaport.…”

Section: Renewable Energy Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future Greener Seaports: A Review of New Infrastructure, Challenges, and Energy Efficiency Measures

et al. 2021

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Recently, the application of renewable energy sources (RESs) for power distribution systems is growing immensely. This advancement brings several advantages, such as energy sustainability and reliability, easier maintenance, cost-effective energy sources, and ecofriendly. The application of RESs in maritime systems such as port microgrids massively improves energy efficiency and reduces the utilization of fossil fuels, which is a serious threat to the environment. Accordingly, ports are receiving several initiatives to improve their energy efficiency by deploying different types of RESs based on the power electronic converters. This paper conducts a systematic review to provide cutting-edge state-of-the-art on the modern electrification and infrastructure of seaports taking into account some challenges such as the environmental aspects, energy efficiency enhancement, renewable energy integration, and legislative and regulatory requirements. Moreover, the technological methods, including electrifications, digitalization, onshore power supply applications, and energy storage systems of ports, are addressed. Furthermore, details of some operational strategies such as energy-aware operations and peak-shaving are delivered. Besides, the infrastructure scheme to enhance the energy efficiency of modern ports, including port microgrids and seaport smart microgrids are delivered. Finally, the applications of nascent technologies in seaports are presented.

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“…Figure 3 illustrates the value of solar irradiance over a timeframe of 96 h. As demonstrated, the data undergo significant variation based on the daylight hours and available climate. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technology is implemented to achieve optimal output from the PV panels [35,36]. The overall effectiveness of the installed PV system is dependent on the panel efficiency and system capacity.…”

Section: Solar Pvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Home Energy Management for Community Microgrids Using Optimal Power Sharing Algorithm

et al. 2021

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From a residential point of view, home energy management (HEM) is an essential requirement in order to diminish peak demand and utility tariffs. The integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) together with battery energy storage systems (BESSs) and central battery storage system (CBSS) may promote energy and cost minimization. However, proper home appliance scheduling along with energy storage options is essential to significantly decrease the energy consumption profile and overall expenditure in real-time operation. This paper proposes a cost-effective HEM scheme in the microgrid framework to promote curtailing of energy usage and relevant utility tariff considering both energy storage and renewable sources integration. Usually, the household appliances have different runtime preferences and duration of operation based on user demand. This work considers a simulator designed in the C++ platform to address the domestic customer’s HEM issue based on usages priorities. The positive aspects of merging RESs, BESSs, and CBSSs with the proposed optimal power sharing algorithm (OPSA) are evaluated by considering three distinct case scenarios. Comprehensive analysis of each scenario considering the real-time scheduling of home appliances is conducted to substantiate the efficacy of the outlined energy and cost mitigation schemes. The results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm to enable energy and cost savings up to 37.5% and 45% in comparison to the prevailing methodology.

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High-Level Penetration of Renewable Energy Sources Into Grid Utility: Challenges and Solutions

Cited by 173 publications

References 229 publications

DC Microgrid Planning, Operation, and Control: A Comprehensive Review

DC Microgrid Planning, Operation, and Control: A Comprehensive Review

Future Greener Seaports: A Review of New Infrastructure, Challenges, and Energy Efficiency Measures

Home Energy Management for Community Microgrids Using Optimal Power Sharing Algorithm

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