Articular Cartilage: Structure and Regeneration

Becerra, José; Andrades, José A.; Guerado, Enrique; Zamora-Navas, P.; López‐Puertas, José Ma; Reddi, A. Hari

doi:10.1089/ten.teb.2010.0191

Cited by 217 publications

(204 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Besides, it bears compressive and shear stresses owing to cyclic and intermittent loads [5]. The main feature of cartilage is the lack of blood vessels and nerves [6]. Thus, tissue maintenance is related to diffusive and convective-mediated processes triggered by mechano-electrochemical phenomena [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered swelling and ion fluxes in articular cartilage as a biomarker in osteoarthritis and joint immobilization: a computational analysis

Manzano

Doblaré

et al. 2015

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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In healthy cartilage, mechano-electrochemical phenomena act together to maintain tissue homeostasis. Osteoarthritis (OA) and degenerative diseases disrupt this biological equilibrium by causing structural deterioration and subsequent dysfunction of the tissue. Swelling and ion flux alteration as well as abnormal ion distribution are proposed as primary indicators of tissue degradation. In this paper, we present an extension of a previous three-dimensional computational model of the cartilage behaviour developed by the authors to simulate the contribution of the main tissue components in its behaviour. The model considers the mechano-electrochemical events as concurrent phenomena in a three-dimensional environment. This model has been extended here to include the effect of repulsion of negative charges attached to proteoglycans. Moreover, we have studied the fluctuation of these charges owning to proteoglycan variations in healthy and pathological articular cartilage. In this sense, standard patterns of healthy and degraded tissue behaviour can be obtained which could be a helpful diagnostic tool. By introducing measured properties of unhealthy cartilage into the computational model, the severity of tissue degeneration can be predicted avoiding complex tissue extraction and subsequent in vitro analysis. In this work, the model has been applied to monitor and analyse cartilage behaviour at different stages of OA and in both short (four, six and eight weeks) and long-term (11 weeks) fully immobilized joints. Simulation results showed marked differences in the corresponding swelling phenomena, in outgoing cation fluxes and in cation distributions. Furthermore, long-term immobilized patients display similar swelling as well as fluxes and distribution of cations to patients in the early stages of OA, thus, preventive treatments are highly recommended to avoid tissue deterioration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered swelling and ion fluxes in articular cartilage as a biomarker in osteoarthritis and joint immobilization: a computational analysis

Manzano

Doblaré

et al. 2015

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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“…Our collagen sponges have a pore size of 100 mm, and electronic microscopy shows that HACs are homogeneously distributed from the surface to the deeper layers of the scaffold. 18 We plan to use electron microscopy to monitor our culture model over time and to determine whether it has a regular and complex molecular organization of collagen fibers 46 before and after ACI. Another promising approach consists of differentiating autologous mesenchymal stem cells of different sources into chondrocytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BMP-2, Hypoxia, and COL1A1/HtrA1 siRNAs Favor Neo-Cartilage Hyaline Matrix Formation in Chondrocytes

Ollitrault

Legendre

Drougard

et al. 2015

Tissue Engineering Part C: Methods

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Osteoarthritis (OA) is an irreversible pathology that causes a decrease in articular cartilage thickness, leading finally to the complete degradation of the affected joint. The low spontaneous repair capacity of cartilage prevents any restoration of the joint surface, making OA a major public health issue. Here, we developed an innovative combination of treatment conditions to improve the human chondrocyte phenotype before autologous chondrocyte implantation. First, we seeded human dedifferentiated chondrocytes into a collagen sponge as a scaffold, cultured them in hypoxia in the presence of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), BMP-2, and transfected them with small interfering RNAs targeting two markers overexpressed in OA dedifferentiated chondrocytes, that is, type I collagen and/or HtrA1 serine protease. This strategy significantly decreased mRNA and protein expression of type I collagen and HtrA1, and led to an improvement in the chondrocyte phenotype index of differentiation. The effectiveness of our in vitro culture process was also demonstrated in the nude mouse model in vivo after subcutaneous implantation. We, thus, provide here a new protocol able to favor human hyaline chondrocyte phenotype in primarily dedifferentiated cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Our study also offers an innovative strategy for chondrocyte redifferentiation and opens new opportunities for developing therapeutic targets.

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“…Essas alterações geram uma importante alteração negativa na capacidade da cartilagem articular de absorver impactos, pois essa propriedade é dependente da integridade estrutural proteica e de sua adequada hidratação 6 . A imobilização promove redução na atividade dos condrócitos 15,16 , que são os responsáveis pela síntese de proteoglicanas, glicosaminoglicanas, e da matriz extracelular, a qual possui grande quantidade de água. A síntese, assim como a atividade metabólica dos condrócitos, ocorre em resposta ao estímulo mecânico 17 , podendo assim alterar a morfologia e a composição da cartilagem articular.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Análise termogravimétrica da cartilagem articular de ratos exercitados após imobilização

Ozaki

Kodama

Camargo

et al. 2015

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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RESUMOIntrodução: A imobilização articular é uma técnica de tratamento frequentemente utilizada na ortopedia e, associada ao processo de senescência, promove alterações tanto na estrutura quanto na síntese e biomecânica do tecido cartilaginoso. Objetivo: Descrever os efeitos da imobilização, da remobilização livre e por meio de exercício físico sobre a cartilagem articular de ratos situados em duas faixas etárias. Métodos: Trinta e nove ratos Wistar divididos em dois grupos etários, um grupo adulto (cinco meses de idade) e um idoso (15 meses de idade), subdivididos em: controle, imobilizado, remobilizado livre e remobilizado por meio de exercício físico. Os membros posteriores dos ratos foram imobilizados por sete dias. O protocolo de exercícios foi composto por cinco sessões diárias de natação, de 25 minutos cada. A cartilagem articular do quadril foi submetida à análise termogravimétrica, tendo sido avaliado seu conteúdo de água. Resultados: Nos animais adultos a imobilização reduziu a quantidade de água presente no tecido cartilaginoso, e os protocolos de remobilização foram eficazes para restabelecer a condição inicial do tecido. Nos animais idosos não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos, porém o grupo idoso controle obteve resultado significantemente menor que o grupo adulto controle (X: 13,10 ± 5,24 vs 10,70 ± 1,95). Conclusões: A imobilização e o processo de senescência induzem a diminuição do conteúdo de água da cartilagem articular e os protocolos de remobilização foram eficientes para restabelecer esta propriedade apenas nos animais adultos. Palavras-chave: natação, termogravimetria, fatores etários. ABSTRACT Introduction: Joint immobilization is a technique often used in orthopedic treatment

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Articular Cartilage: Structure and Regeneration

Cited by 217 publications

References 76 publications

Altered swelling and ion fluxes in articular cartilage as a biomarker in osteoarthritis and joint immobilization: a computational analysis

Altered swelling and ion fluxes in articular cartilage as a biomarker in osteoarthritis and joint immobilization: a computational analysis

BMP-2, Hypoxia, and COL1A1/HtrA1 siRNAs Favor Neo-Cartilage Hyaline Matrix Formation in Chondrocytes

Análise termogravimétrica da cartilagem articular de ratos exercitados após imobilização

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