Arthropod Feed ing Experiments in Lepromatous Leprosy

Narayanan, E. S.; Manja, K. S.; Bedi, B M S; Kirchheimer, W. F.; Balasubrahmanyan, M

doi:10.5935/0305-7518.19720025

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…The role of Cimex lectularius as a vector for blood‐borne pathogen transmission continues to be investigated. Controlled scientific studies have demonstrated in vivo incubation of organisms carrying approximately 20 different human illnesses, including leishmaniasis, American trypanosomiasis, rickettsia, pasturella, tularemia, yersina, Q fever, plaque, relapsing fever, leprosy, oriental sore, and brucellosis (10,49–53). To date, no substantial evidence of transmission of these organisms from bedbugs to humans has been recorded (4,15,54).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Return of the Common Bedbug

Poorten

Prose

2005

Pediatric Dermatology

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The incidence of skin disease secondary to infestation with the human bedbug, Cimex lectularius, has increased dramatically in the United States and in the United Kingdom. We describe a child with a recurrent pruritic eruption of urticarial, erythematous papules on the face, neck, and extremities. The etiology of her cutaneous lesions was discovered to be a bedbug infestation in the home. The epidemiology, entomology, presentation, and treatment of bedbugs and their bites are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Return of the Common Bedbug

Poorten

Prose

2005

Pediatric Dermatology

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“…[122][123][124] In several studies, leprosy patients were used to test the uptake of leprosy bacilli from lesions. [125][126][127][128][129][130][131] In others, leprous material from patients was used to feed insects. [132][133][134] Insects were also collected from leprosy patient's homes.…”

Section: Potential Vectors (Seementioning

confidence: 99%

Reservoirs and transmission routes of leprosy; A systematic review

et al. 2020

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Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae) and the more recently discovered Mycobacterium lepromatosis (M. lepromatosis). The two leprosy bacilli cause similar pathologic conditions. They primarily target the skin and the peripheral nervous system. Currently it is considered a Neglected Tropical Disease, being endemic in specific locations within countries of the Americas, Asia, and Africa, while in Europe it is only rarely reported. The reason for a spatial inequality in the prevalence of leprosy in so-called endemic pockets within a country is still largely unexplained. A systematic review was conducted targeting leprosy transmission research data, using PubMed and Scopus as sources. Publications between January 1, 1945 and July 1, 2019 were included. The transmission pathways of M. leprae are not fully understood. Solid evidence exists of an increased risk for individuals living in close contact with leprosy patients, most likely through infectious aerosols, created by coughing and sneezing, but possibly also through direct contact. However, this systematic review underscores that human-to-human transmission is not the only way leprosy can be acquired. The transmission of this disease is probably much more complicated than was thought before. In the Americas, the nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) has been established as another natural host and reservoir of M. leprae. Anthroponotic and zoonotic transmission have both been proposed as modes of contracting the disease, based on data showing identical M. leprae strains shared between humans and armadillos. More recently, in red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) with leprosy-like lesions in the British Isles M. leprae and M. lepromatosis DNA was detected. This finding was unexpected, because leprosy is considered a disease of humans (with the exception of the armadillo), and because it was thought that leprosy (and M. leprae) had disappeared from the United Kingdom. Furthermore, animals can be affected by other leprosy-like diseases, caused by pathogens phylogenetically closely related to M. leprae. These mycobacteria have been proposed to be grouped as a M. leprae-complex. We argue that insights from the transmission and reservoirs of members of the M. leprae-complex might be relevant for leprosy research. A better understanding of possible animal or environmental reservoirs is needed, because transmission from such reservoirs may partly explain the steady PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES

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“…In fact, there are several biting arthropods residing in highly endemic areas of leprosy that theoretically might act as a vector of M. leprae [ 55 – 66 ]. In some studies, the distribution of single lesions of tuberculoid leprosy correlated with exposed skin areas [ 60 , 61 ]. Mechanical studies have demonstrated the feasibility of biting arthropods to uptake M. leprae since large numbers of bacilli are readily available within cutaneous lesions to the biting apparatus of many species of arthropods among individuals with untreated multibacillary leprosy [ 59 , 61 – 66 ].…”

Section: Arthropods As Vectors Of M Leprae Transmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some studies, the distribution of single lesions of tuberculoid leprosy correlated with exposed skin areas [ 60 , 61 ]. Mechanical studies have demonstrated the feasibility of biting arthropods to uptake M. leprae since large numbers of bacilli are readily available within cutaneous lesions to the biting apparatus of many species of arthropods among individuals with untreated multibacillary leprosy [ 59 , 61 – 66 ]. Additionally, it has been shown that patients with lepromatous leprosy by developing bacteremia may make viable bacilli available to biting arthropods [ 63 – 65 ].…”

Section: Arthropods As Vectors Of M Leprae Transmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unsolved matters in leprosy: a descriptive review and call for further research

Franco‐Paredes

Rodríguez‐Morales

2016

Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob

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Leprosy, a chronic mycobacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae, is an infectious disease that has ravaged human societies throughout millennia. This ancestral pathogen causes disfiguring cutaneous lesions, peripheral nerve injury, ostearticular deformity, limb loss and dysfunction, blindness and stigma. Despite ongoing efforts in interrupting leprosy transmission, large numbers of new cases are persistently identified in many endemic areas. Moreover, at the time of diagnosis, most newly identified cases have considerable neurologic disability. Many challenges remain in our understanding of the epidemiology of leprosy including: (a) the precise mode and route of transmission; (b) the socioeconomic, environmental, and behavioral factors that promote its transmission; and (c) strategies to achieve early diagnosis and prevent neurologic impairment to reduce the large burden of disability among newly identified cases; and among those who endure long-term disability in spite of completing multidrug therapy.

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Arthropod Feed ing Experiments in Lepromatous Leprosy

Cited by 7 publications

References 2 publications

The Return of the Common Bedbug

The Return of the Common Bedbug

Reservoirs and transmission routes of leprosy; A systematic review

Unsolved matters in leprosy: a descriptive review and call for further research

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