Arthrobacter defluvii sp. nov., 4-chlorophenol-degrading bacteria isolated from sewage

Abstract

Two 4-chlorophenol-degrading bacteria, strains 4C1-a T and 4C1-b, were isolated from sewage flowing into Geumho River near the Daegu industrial complex in Korea. Cells of the strains were Gram-positive and non-motile, displayed a rod-coccus life cycle and formed creamy white colonies on R2A agar or peptone-carbohydrate agar. The strains had chemotaxonomic markers that were consistent with classification in the genus Arthrobacter, i.e. MK-9(H 2 ) as the major menaquinone, iso-and anteiso-branched components as the predominant fatty acids, galactose, glucose and rhamnose as cell-wall sugars, peptidoglycan-type A3a, and DNA G+C content of 63.5-64.4 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that the strains were most similar to Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus DSM 12829 T , Arthrobacter oxydans DSM 20119T and Arthrobacter scleromae JCM 12642 T (with 98.4, 97.8 and 97.8 % similarity, respectively) and formed a separate lineage with A. chlorophenolicus in the genus Arthrobacter. Combined phenotypic data and DNA-DNA hybridization data supported the conclusion that strains 4C1-a T and 4C1-b represent a novel species in the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter defluvii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 4C1-a T (5KCTCThe genus Arthrobacter within the family Micrococcaceae was first established by Conn & Dimmick (1947) and the description was emended by Koch et al. (1995) with the reclassification of Micrococcus agilis to this genus as Arthrobacter agilis. Members of the genus Arthrobacter comprise Gram-positive, catalase-positive, actinomycetecoryneform bacteria having a high DNA G+C content (Keddie et al., 1986;Jones & Keddie, 1992). They have been divided into two groups on the basis of their peptidoglycan, which contains lysine as the diamino acid. Members of group I (including the type species, Arthrobacter globiformis) contain a peptidoglycan of A3a type in which cross-linkage is made by interpeptide bridges consisting of monocarboxylic L-amino acids or glycine, or both, whereas members of group II contain a peptidoglycan of A4a type in which cross-linkage is made by interpeptide bridges involving a dicarboxylic acid (Schleifer & Kandler, 1972;Stackebrandt et al., 1983 During the screening of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP)-degrading bacteria from sewage flowing into Geumho River near the Daegu industrial complex in Korea, strains 4C1-a T and 4C1-b were recovered, showing creamy white colonies when grown on R2A agar (Difco) at 25 u C. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, the two strains were found to belong to the genus Arthrobacter. For further classification, they were subjected to a polyphasic investigation. and Arthrobacter sulfonivorans DSM 14002 T were used as reference strains under the same conditions.The Gram reaction was performed as described by Gerhardt et al. (1994). Cell morphology and motility were observed under a phase-contrast microscope (Optiphot; Nikon), at 61000 magnification, with cells grown for 1-7 days. Motility was tested by the hanging-d...

Bacteria belonging to the extremely versatile genus Arthrobacter as novel source of natural pigments with extended hue range

“…nov., Arthrobacter histidinolovorans and Arthrobacter albus sp. nov. (Ding et al, 2009;Huang et al, 2005;Kim et al, 2008;Wauters et al, 2000). Several previous experimental studies showed that pigments produced by bacteria from this genus have various hues, e.g.…”

“…The genus Arthrobacter constitutes a predominant group of microorganisms from various environments such as soil, air, foods (e.g. dairy products), water, oil, brine, tobacco leaves, human skin, mural paintings, clinical specimen, sewage and activated sludge (Chang et al, 2007;Chen et al, 2009;Ding, Hirose, & Yokota, 2009;Funke et al, 1996;Gupta, Reddy, Delille, & Shivaji, 2004;Irlinger, Bimet, Delettre, Lefèvre, & Grimont, 2005;Kallimanis et al, 2009;Kim et al, 2008;Margesin, Schumann, Spröer, & Gounot, 2004;Osorio, Barja, Hutson, & Collins, 1999;Reddy, Aggarwal, Matsumoto, & Shivaji, 2000;Sguros, 1955;Stackebrandt, Koch, Gvozdiak, & Schumann, 1995;Wauters, Charlier, Janssens, & Delmee, 2000). At the present time, 80 species of this genus have been described in the taxonomy (Euzéby, 2012).…”

Review of the taxonomy of the genus Arthrobacter, emendation of the genus Arthrobacter sensu lato, proposal to reclassify selected species of the genus Arthrobacter in the novel genera Glutamicibacter gen. nov., Paeniglutamicibacter gen. nov., Pseudoglutamicibacter gen. nov., Paenarthrobacter gen. nov. and Pseudarthrobacter gen. nov., and emended description of Arthrobacter roseus

“…The description is as provided by Kim et al (2008) for Arthrobacter defluvii with the following additional properties. The peptidoglycan type, quinone system and fatty acid profile are in agreement with the genus description, but the polar lipid profile is unknown.…”

Isolation and characterization of chitin-degrading micro-organisms from the faeces of Goeldi's monkey, Callimico goeldii

“…), sewage (Kim et al . ), sea water (Chen et al . ) and the nasal passages of the common seal (Collins et al .…”