Arterial Stiffening as a Possible Risk Factor for Both Atherosclerosis and Diastolic Heart Failure

Abstract

While arterial stiffness is known to be related to atherosclerosis, the association between arterial stiffness and cardiac systolic and diastolic function in hypertension has not been fully evaluated. The present study was conducted to simultaneously evaluate the relationship of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (PWV) to parameters reflecting atherosclerosis and to those reflecting the risk of congestive heart failure in patients with hypertension. In 147 patients with hypertension, the left ventricular ejection fraction, the ratio of the peak velocity of early rapid filling and the peak velocity of atrial filling (E/A ratio), and left ventricular mass index were obtained from echocardiographs, the intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery was

To what extent does aortic pulse wave velocity estimate early atherosclerosis in Kurosawa and Kusanagi-hypercholesterolemic rabbits?

“…Strong positive correlation of intima-media thickness with carotid-femoral PWV has been observed in large population cohort studies 27 and in patients with diabetes. 19,40 baPWV 16,17 was also useful to predict the early stages of atherosclerosis. 18,19 In contrast, Nishi et al 41 also observed a significant but poor correlation between baPWV and intima-media thickness in subjects with diabetes and no significant relationship with baPWV in the presence of plaques.…”

“…11,13 Katsuda et al 14 demonstrated previously that PWV in the entire aorta (AoPWV) in young Kurosawa and Kusanagi-hypercholesterolemic (KHC) rabbits, an animal model of familial hypercholesterolemia 15 showed a slight (about 10%) but significant increase compared with that in age-matched control rabbits, and that SBP and DBP were also significantly higher in the KHC rabbit group than in the control group. Some investigators reported that brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV), closely associated with AoPWV measured invasively, 16,17 was also useful to predict the early stage of atherosclerosis in obese young-adults 18 and Type 2 diabetic patients. 19 PWV can be lowered in hypertensive patients after antihypertensive therapy is performed.…”

Impact of a systolic parameter, defined as the ratio of right brachial pre-ejection period to ejection time, on the relationship between brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and left ventricular diastolic function

“…[4][5][6][7][8][9][33][34][35] The major difference between groups 1 and 2 and between groups 3 and 4 was LV systolic function, and this discrepancy may explain the worse LV diastolic function, as indicated by Ea and LAVI, in group 2 than in group 1 and the higher percentage of pseudonormal/restrictive mitral inflow pattern in group 4 than in group 3. However, LV systolic function was comparable between groups 1 and 3 and between groups 2 and 4.…”

“…Several studies have also reported a relationship between arterial stiffness and LV diastolic function. [6][7][8] In these studies, [4][5][6][7][8] they chiefly included patients with preserved LV systolic function. However, one of our recent studies revealed that there was a mismatch between increases in arterial stiffness and LV diastolic dysfunction in patients with wide range of LV systolic function.…”

24-Hour Arterial Stiffness Profile in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Chronic Heart Failure

“…Есть данные, что сердечная недостаточность с сохраненной фракцией выброса ЛЖ обусловлена собственно диастолической дисфункци-ей, но, возможно, у отдельных пациентов она связана с повышенной жесткостью артериального сосудистого русла [1]. Повышение АР при ХСН может быть связа-но с различными функциональными факторами: на-рушением гемодинамики, снижением уровня оксида азота и повышением активности нейрогуморальных факторов [3], прогрессированием атеросклеротическо-го процесса [4]. Системное воспаление при ХОБЛ также оказывает влияние на прогрессирование атеро-склеротического процесса [5].…”